Low-Density Steels: The Effect of Al Addition on Microstructure and Properties

Pramanik, Sudipta; Suwas, Satyam

doi:10.1007/s11837-014-1129-2

Cited by 31 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…The alloying concept allows a density reduction of up to 11% compared to conventional steel types. The results confirmed the partial conclusions reported in the literature [ 6 , 11 , 18 ].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

“…A higher aluminium content in steel leads to the formation of brittle intermetallic phases such as Fe 3 Al and FeAl, which leads to a deterioration in ductility [ 5 ]. When considering steels with a higher aluminium content, where phase transformations occur during cooling, it is necessary to compensate for the high aluminium content with austenite stabilising elements such as carbon and manganese to eliminate the ferritic phase [ 6 ]. Carbon and manganese allow austenite formation at higher temperatures and allow the properties to be modified by heat treatment.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A New Alloying Concept for Low-Density Steels

et al. 2022

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This paper introduces a new alloying concept for low-density steels. Based on model calculations, samples—or “heats”—with 0.7 wt% C, 1.45 wt% Si, 2 wt% Cr, 0.5 wt% Ni, and an aluminium content varying from 5 to 7 wt% are prepared. The alloys are designed to obtain steel with reduced density and increased corrosion resistance suitable for products subjected to high dynamic stress during operation. Their density is in the range from 7.2 g cm−3 to 6.96 g cm−3. Basic thermophysical measurements are carried out on all the heats to determine the critical points of each phase transformation in the solid state, supported by metallographic analysis on SEM and LM or the EDS analysis of each phase. It is observed that even at very high austenitisation temperatures of 1100 °C, it is not possible to change the two-phase structure of ferrite and austenite. A substantial part of the austenite is transformed into martensite during cooling at 50 °C s−1. The carbide kappa phase is segregated at lower cooling rates (around 2.5 °C s−1).

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A New Alloying Concept for Low-Density Steels

et al. 2022

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“…Steels based on the Fe-Al system are inherently ductile, but steels with Al > 7 wt.% suffer from environmental embrittlement during melting, processing as well as testing of the steels [1][2][3][4]. Nevertheless, these steels suffer from processing problem i.e., they are prone to cracking during hot-rolling [11][12][13].…”

Section: Comparison Of Properties Of Lightweight Steels From Literaturementioning

confidence: 99%

“…These low-density and highstrength materials are envisaged in the development of an advanced lightweight ground transportation system, huge structures like bridges, tunnels and also being deemed for certain defence applications like troops carrier, armour, etc. Alternatively, they are also considered as potential candidates for steam turbines in thermal power plants [1][2][3][4][5][6][7]. Al being a ferrite stabilizer, reduces the austenitic loop and enhances the ferrite phase field, which results in a complete ferrite microstructure at room temperature [8][9][10].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Al being a ferrite stabilizer, reduces the austenitic loop and enhances the ferrite phase field, which results in a complete ferrite microstructure at room temperature [8][9][10]. This disordered ferritic (A2) phase results in good ductility, but suffers from the loss of strength compared to the other existing structural materials such as heat-resistant stainless steel [3][4][5][6]. To overcome the strength issue of these alloys, alloy modifications were attempted with Mn and carbon, which resulted in higher strength than the existing Fe-Al alloys [11][12][13].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Evolution of microstructure with increasing carbon content and its effect on mechanical properties of disordered iron–aluminium alloy

et al. 2019

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Correlation of microstructure and mechanical properties of hot-rolled Fe-7 wt.% Al with varying carbon contents has been investigated in detail. The microstructures of the alloys change significantly with an increase in the carbon content. An alloy with 0.012 wt.% carbon shows a single ferrite phase, whereas with increase in carbon up to 0.65 wt.%, the microstructure evolves into a dual phase consisting of ferrite and κ-pearlite. At about 1.5 wt.% carbon, the alloy exhibits only κ-pearlite and with a further increase in carbon to 2.2 wt.%, an additional phase starts precipitating in the form of graphite. The room temperature tensile strength of the alloy increased significantly with an increase in the carbon content, which is in agreement with the microstructure. The yield strength and hardness of the steels with different carbon contents can be correlated well with the inter-barrier spacing in different steels.

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Assessment of Mechanical Behavior in H13 Tool Steel Synthesized through Electron Beam Melting and Selective Laser Melting Techniques

Han,

Wang,

Zhang

et al. 2024

steel research int.

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This study investigates H13 tool steel's microstructure and mechanical properties using selective laser melting (SLM) and electron beam melting (EBM). SLMed‐H13 steel has fine martensite, residual austenite, dense low‐angle grain boundaries (LAGBs), and nanoscale carbides, whereas EBMed‐H13 predominantly shows lamellar ferrite–bainite, needle‐like lower bainite (Blower), and spongy upper bainite (Bupper), with fewer LAGBs and larger carbides. SLMed‐H13 exhibits higher hardness (617.4 HV0.5) than EBM (532.17 HV0.5), with a yield strength (YS) of 1241.1 MPa, ultimate tensile strength (UTS) of 1412.2 MPa, and elongation (El) of 5.36%, versus EBM's 765.8 MPa YS, 1252.7 MPa UTS, and 6.89% El. SLM shows superior mechanical performance and wear resistance, with a coefficient of friction (COF) of 0.81, wear depth of 0.86 μm, wear track of 448.4 μm, and wear rate of 5.5 × 10−6 mm3 N−1 m−1, compared to EBM's 0.68 COF, 2.2 μm wear depth, 508 μm wear track, and wear rate of 6.5 × 10−6 mm3 N−1 m−1. Confocal microscopy highlights SLM's uniform wear tracks versus EBM's distinct microcutting, illustrating the impact of manufacturing techniques on material properties and wear performance.

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Low-Density Steels: The Effect of Al Addition on Microstructure and Properties

Cited by 31 publications

References 12 publications

A New Alloying Concept for Low-Density Steels

A New Alloying Concept for Low-Density Steels

Evolution of microstructure with increasing carbon content and its effect on mechanical properties of disordered iron–aluminium alloy

Assessment of Mechanical Behavior in H13 Tool Steel Synthesized through Electron Beam Melting and Selective Laser Melting Techniques

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