An experimental system used for the optical chaos communication with a semiconductor optical amplifier (SOA) based fiber ring laser as a dynamical light system is presented. The chaotic polarization dynamic of the light source is modulated through a cross phase modulation (XPM) effect in the SOA induced by the input light carrying the message. A chaos receiver based on a time-delayed configuration can establish the synchronization with the transmitter and the message is restored by a dynamical detection for the states of polarization (SOPs) of transmission lights. A fiber link of 1-km long was used as the communication channel. The round-trip time and SOPs of the ring in this system can be used as key parameters to establish the synchronization between the transmitter and receiver. The polarization dynamics of the system were investigated under different input optical powers, and an experiment for the optical chaos communication was carried out, in which the 16-bit RZ sequences at 140 Mb/s were successfully recovered from the chaotic carriers after 1-km long transmission.