We consider properties of a 2-complex associated by Squier to a monoid presentation. We show that the fundamental groupoid admits a monoid structure, and we establish a relationship between its group completion and the fundamental group of the 2-complex. We also treat a modified complex, due to Pride, for monoid presentations of groups, and compute the structure of the fundamental groupoid in this setting.
IntroductionThere now exists a well-developed theory of the low-dimensional topology of monoid presentations, the cornerstone of which is a 2-complex K := K(V) associated to a monoid presentation V := [X : R), and introduced by Squier [12]. The vertices of K are words in the free monoid X* on X, and 1-cells correspond to the application of a relation from R. A path in K thus represents a derivation of the equality of two words in the monoid M presented by V. The 2-cells of K are attached so as to make a path consisting of the application of two relations to non-overlapping segments of a word homotopic to their application in the reverse order.The fundamental groups of K are the diagram groups of V studied by Guba and Sapir [4], who have extensive results on the properties of diagram groups. The first homology of if is studied by Pride [10,11] as an analogue of the module of identities among the relations in a group presentation.In this paper we consider the relationship of the low-dimensional topology of monoid presentations to the theory for group presentations. In Sec. 2 we consider the operation of group completion of monoids, which takes us from monoid presentations to group presentations. We show that the fundamental groupoid n = TT(K,X*) of K admits a monoid structure defined internally in the category of groupoids, and we compute its group completion. In Sec. 3 we follow Pride [11] in considering monoid presentations of groups. Suppose we have a group presentation (X : R)