2009
DOI: 10.1002/anie.200901338
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Low‐Energy‐Electron‐Induced Hydroamination of an Alkene

Abstract: The smallest catalyst: A new strategy to control chemical synthesis by exposure to low-energy electrons relies on the electrostatic attraction caused by the soft ionization of one of the reaction partners. This approach was used to induce a reaction between C(2)H(4) and NH(3) yielding aminoethane. The reaction resembles a hydroamination except that the electron beam replaces the catalyst used in the organic synthesis.

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Cited by 38 publications
(74 citation statements)
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“…17,18 Furthermore, the dependence of the characteristic ethylamine signals on E 0 suggests that the reaction is initiated by electron impact ionization. 17 The ionization-driven fragmentation of ethene and NH 3 in the gas phase only sets in at approximately 13 and 15 eV, i.e., about 2.5 Figure 1. Proposed mechanism of an electron-induced hydroamination reaction between NH 3 and ethene.…”
Section: Resultsmentioning
confidence: 97%
“…17,18 Furthermore, the dependence of the characteristic ethylamine signals on E 0 suggests that the reaction is initiated by electron impact ionization. 17 The ionization-driven fragmentation of ethene and NH 3 in the gas phase only sets in at approximately 13 and 15 eV, i.e., about 2.5 Figure 1. Proposed mechanism of an electron-induced hydroamination reaction between NH 3 and ethene.…”
Section: Resultsmentioning
confidence: 97%
“…In the case of ethylamine, [5,6] the reaction occurred only at E 0 values above the ionization threshold of C 2 H 4 and NH 3 .T o confirm that electron impact ionization also drives the formation of ethanol, we have measured the dependence of ethanol yield on the E 0 value.T he ionization thresholds of H 2 Oa nd C 2 H 4 in the gas phase are 12.6 eV and 10.5 eV, respectively. [9] In the condensed phase,polarization forces can lower such thresholds by up to 2eV.…”
mentioning
confidence: 82%
“…[5,6] On the other hand, we provide here the first evidence that synthesis of the same product can also be initiated at E 0 values below the ionization threshold through EA, ar egime where degradation of the product ethanol is also considerably less efficient than above the ionization threshold (see Figure SI1). However,t he acidity of water is essential for this newly discovered reaction pathway.T his is,t ot he best of our knowledge,the first example of an electron-induced synthesis that proceeds through nondissociative EA.…”
mentioning
confidence: 86%
“…Bei E 0 knapp oberhalb der Ionisationsschwelle ("weiche Ionisation") verläuft die Reaktion, wie im Fall der bereits beschriebenen Hydroaminierung, [5,6] über intakte Radikalkationen. Darüber hinaus wurde hier aber zum ersten Mal gezeigt, dass dasselbe Produkt auch bei E 0 unterhalb der Ionisationsschwellei mE A-Bereich gebildet wird, einem Energiebereich in dem der Abbau des gebildeten Produkts zudem noch deutlich weniger ausgeprägt ist als oberhalb der Ionisationsschwelle (Abbildung SI1 …”
Section: Methodsunclassified
“…[4] Zum Beispiel lassen sich NH 3 ,R NH 2 oder R 2 NH an die Doppelbindung von Alkenen addieren. [5,6] Solche Hydroaminierungen werden durch eine nichtdissoziative ("weiche") Elektronenstoß-Ionisation bei E 0 nahe der Ionisationsschwelle der Reaktanten ausgelçst. Hierbei wird die Abstoßung zwischen der elektronenreichen Doppelbindung und dem freien Elektronenpaar durch Ionisation eines der beiden Partner durch eine Anziehung ersetzt, die zur Bildung einer chemischen Bindung führt.…”
unclassified