Low-fat yogurt consumption reduces biomarkers of chronic inflammation and inhibits markers of endotoxin exposure in healthy premenopausal women: a randomised controlled trial

Abstract

The anti-inflammatory mechanisms of low-fat dairy product consumption are largely unknown. The objective of this study was to determine whether low-fat yogurt reduces biomarkers of chronic inflammation and endotoxin exposure in women. Premenopausal women (BMI 18·5-27 and 30-40 kg/m2) were randomised to consume 339 g of low-fat yogurt (yogurt non-obese (YN); yogurt obese (YO)) or 324 g of soya pudding (control non-obese; control obese (CO)) daily for 9 weeks (n 30/group). Fasting blood samples were analysed for IL-6, TNF-α/soluble TNF II (sTNF-RII), high-sensitivity C-reactive protein, 2-arachidonoyl glycerol, anandamide, monocyte gene expression, soluble CD14 (sCD14), lipopolysaccharide (LPS), LPS binding protein (LBP), IgM endotoxin-core antibody (IgM EndoCAb), and zonulin. BMI, waist circumference and blood pressure were also determined. After 9-week yogurt consumption, YO and YN had decreased TNF-α/sTNFR-RII. Yogurt consumption increased plasma IgM EndoCAb regardless of obesity status. sCD14 was not affected by diet, but LBP/sCD14 was lowered by yogurt consumption in both YN and YO. Yogurt intervention increased plasma 2-arachidonoylglycerol in YO but not YN. YO peripheral blood mononuclear cells expression of NF-κB inhibitor α and transforming growth factor β1 increased relative to CO at 9 weeks. Other biomarkers were unchanged by diet. CO and YO gained approximately 0·9 kg in body weight. YO had 3·6 % lower diastolic blood pressure at week 3. Low-fat yogurt for 9 weeks reduced biomarkers of chronic inflammation and endotoxin exposure in premenopausal women compared with a non-dairy control food. This trial was registered as NCT01686204.

Premeal Low-Fat Yogurt Consumption Reduces Postprandial Inflammation and Markers of Endotoxin Exposure in Healthy Premenopausal Women in a Randomized Controlled Trial

“…The postprandial experiments described here constitute the secondary and exploratory analyses of a randomized, controlled study to determine if yogurt consumption improves intestinal barrier function and chronic inflammation relative to consumption of a nondairy control food. The results of the recruitment, primary study outcome, additional secondary and exploratory outcomes, and compliance are described elsewhere ( 15 ). Briefly, consumption of low-fat yogurt for 9 wk reduced fasting markers of chronic inflammation and endotoxin exposure in premenopausal women, as indicated by lower TNF-α/soluble TNF-Receptor II and LBP/sCD14, as well as higher plasma IgM endotoxin-core antibody ( 15 ).…”

“…The results of the recruitment, primary study outcome, additional secondary and exploratory outcomes, and compliance are described elsewhere ( 15 ). Briefly, consumption of low-fat yogurt for 9 wk reduced fasting markers of chronic inflammation and endotoxin exposure in premenopausal women, as indicated by lower TNF-α/soluble TNF-Receptor II and LBP/sCD14, as well as higher plasma IgM endotoxin-core antibody ( 15 ). In contrast, fasting plasma sCD14, the primary study outcome, was unchanged ( 15 ).…”

“…Briefly, consumption of low-fat yogurt for 9 wk reduced fasting markers of chronic inflammation and endotoxin exposure in premenopausal women, as indicated by lower TNF-α/soluble TNF-Receptor II and LBP/sCD14, as well as higher plasma IgM endotoxin-core antibody ( 15 ). In contrast, fasting plasma sCD14, the primary study outcome, was unchanged ( 15 ). The study was designed to detect a significant difference in fasting plasma sCD14 among n = 30/group, giving an 8.2% margin of error ( 15 , 16 ).…”

“…In contrast, fasting plasma sCD14, the primary study outcome, was unchanged ( 15 ). The study was designed to detect a significant difference in fasting plasma sCD14 among n = 30/group, giving an 8.2% margin of error ( 15 , 16 ). Postprandial sCD14 and IL-6 were original secondary outcome measures, whereas all other outcomes were exploratory.…”

Effect of fermented camel milk on glucose metabolism, insulin resistance, and inflammatory biomarkers of adolescents with metabolic syndrome: A double-blind, randomized, crossover trial

“…study, low-fat yogurt compared to a nondairy control food reduced TNF-α in premenopausal women. [ 38 ] Mohamadshahi et al 's. trial with probiotic yogurt on patients with type-2 diabetes resulted in significant lowering of TNF-α and nonsignificant reduction of IL6 by the intervention compared to control.…”