Low-Grade Invasive Triple Negative Breast Carcinoma

Abstract

Triple-negative breast carcinomas (TNBCs) are defined as estrogen receptor-negative, progesterone receptor-negative, and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2-negative breast carcinomas and are composed of a heterogeneous group of breast carcinomas with most of them having aggressive behavior and poor prognosis. However, some TNBC cases are low grade with indolent clinical outcome and low risk of metastasis to other organs or regional lymph nodes. Lowgrade TNBCs include low-grade adenosquamous carcinoma, fibromatosis-like metaplastic carcinoma, low-grade invasive (ductal or lobular) carcinoma with apocrine differentiation, classic adenoid cystic carcinoma, secretory carcinoma, tall cell carcinoma with reversed polarity, acinic cell carcinoma, and low-grade mucoepidermoid carcinoma. This review aims to summarize the clinicopathological correlation and the molecular features of low-grade special TNBC subtypes.

Acinic cell carcinoma of the breast: A comprehensive review

“…2 A-F Hematoxylin and Eosin (H&E) slides of a case of acinic cell carcinoma of the breast with different growth patterns, including acinar (A), microglandular (B), and solid (C) growth patterns. Image D shows PAS positivity in tumor cells, while estrogen receptor (E), and GATA3 (F) are negative [ 47 ]. …”

Cutaneous eccrine spiradenoma: Insights into cytomorphological features via fine needle aspiration biopsy and a comprehensive literature review

“…Basaloid carcinomas, such as basal cell carcinoma (BCC) or adenoid cystic carcinoma (AdCC), resemble ES cytologically. 7 However, the presence of clusters of small, oval cells with hyperchromatic nuclei, nuclear atypia and high nuclear‐to‐cytoplasm ratio and increased mitotic figures in BCC compared to the relatively bland cytology of ES aids in differentiating these two entities 8 …”

“…The basement membrane-like material deposition can be highlighted with periodic acid-Schiff (PAS) staining.Table 1 demonstrates a review of the clinical presentation, cytomorphologic features and immunohistochemical staining of reported ES cases in the literature.The differential diagnosis of ES include several benign and malignant entities with overlapping cytologic features with ES. Basaloid carcinomas, such as basal cell carcinoma (BCC) or adenoid cystic carcinoma (AdCC), resemble ES cytologically 7. However, the presence of clusters of small, oval cells with hyperchromatic nuclei, nuclear atypia and high nuclear-to-cytoplasm ratio and increased mitotic figures in BCC compared to the relatively bland cytology of ES aids in differentiating these two entities 8.…”

Updates on Triple-Negative Breast Cancer in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients: From Risk Factors to Diagnosis, Biomarkers and Therapy

“…Patients with T2DM have an increased risk of developing TNBC, a heterogeneous group of breast carcinomas with most of them characterized by a fast-growing and aggressive subtype with different genetic profiles. Some rare TNBC cases are low-grade and poorly invasive with an indolent clinical outcome; however, TNBC is frequently diagnosed at a later stage, associated with a larger tumor size, a higher tumor grade, poorly differentiated invasive ductal carcinoma histological subtype, increased rate of lymph metastasis, and associated with a poor 5-year survival [19,22]. TNBC is often characterized by early systemic relapse.…”