PURPOSE-This integrative review concerns nursing research on parent-child interaction and relationships published from 1980 through 2008 and includes assessment and intervention studies in clinically important settings (e.g., feeding, teaching, play).
CONCLUSIONS-Directionsfor research include development of theoretical frameworks, valid observational systems, and multivariate and longitudinal data analytic strategies.PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS-Observation of social-emotional as well as task-related interaction qualities in the context of assessing parent-child relationships could generate new questions for nursing research and for family-centered nursing practice.
Search termsNursing; parents; parent-child interaction; parent-child relations; parenting A relationship is developed and changed through interaction (Hinde, 1976; Hinde & StevensonHinde, 1988). A relationship is distinguishable from interaction by specific motivation (e.g., security regulation) and its qualities. A relationship has endurance over time and is described by qualities of mutuality, reciprocity, responsiveness, and synchrony, and patterns of connection and separation (Hinde, 1976). Interaction, on the other hand, is the activity of the parent-child dyad, including bids for the other's attention and responses to the bids (Greenspan & Greenspan, 1989). The moment-to-moment interaction between a child and parent and the challenges and opportunities it presents is the fundamental mechanism through which the child develops (Bronfenbrenner, 1996;Bronfenbrenner & Ceci, 1994;Sroufe, Egeland, Carlson, & Collins, 2005). Although nursing research studies of parent-child interaction and relationships are numerous, interaction and relationship are conceptually not well defined. This article is the third in a series of five articles examining the contribution of nursing research to knowledge development about the parent-child relationship (Anderson, Riesch, Pridham, Lutz, & Becker, Author contact: kpridham@wisc.edu, with a copy to the Editor: roxie.foster@UCDenver.edu. in press; Lutz, Riesch, Pridham, Lutz, Anderson, & Becker, in press).
NIH Public AccessThe purpose of this article is to use Hinde's relationship theory as a context in which to integrate the nursing literature published during the years 1980-2008. The intent is to identify emerging foci and the future goals they suggest for parent-child interaction and relationship studies.Parent-child interaction and relationships are important to nursing science and practice for reasons fundamental to the discipline (Blake, 1954). Of specific interest to nursing is the development of the parent-child relationship through activities central to parent-child functions, for example, care-giving, guiding, playing, socializing, and restoring security.Interaction that occurs during these activities involves goal-directed behavior that increases in complexity as the relationship develops and the child matures (Zeanah, Larrieu, Heller, & Valliere, 2000). A parent's goal-directed behavior may be supporte...