Low Input No-till Cereal Production in the Pacific Northwest of the U.S.: The Challenges of Root Diseases

Paulitz, T. C.

doi:10.1007/s10658-006-9023-6

Cited by 84 publications

(52 citation statements)

References 49 publications

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“…For example, in several studies of bare patch (root rot) of wheat, caused by R. solani, reduced tillage led to an increase in severity (24,36,37). It has been suggested that tillage may physically disrupt the fungal hyphae (3,34) or alter the soil microbial community to be suppressive to disease (34). Similarly, root and crown rot in sugar beet, caused by R. solani AG 2-2 IIIB severity, was higher in noncultivated compared with cultivated treatments (5).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Cultivation and Timing of Nitrogen Fertilization on Large Patch Disease of Zoysiagrass

Obasa¹,

Fry²,

Bremer³

et al. 2013

Plant Disease

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Obasa, K., Fry, J., St. John, R., and Kennelly, M. 2013. Effect of cultivation and timing of nitrogen fertilization on large patch disease of zoysiagrass. Plant Dis. 97:1075-1081.Large patch of zoysiagrass (Zoysia spp.) is caused by Rhizoctonia solani anastomosis group 2-2 LP. The effects of summer cultivation (core-aerification, verticutting, and sand topdressing) and spring and fall versus summer nitrogen (N) fertilization on large patch in fairway height 'Meyer' zoysiagrass were investigated from 2008 to 2011 in Manhattan, Haysville, and Olathe, KS. Disease was assessed by measuring patch diameters or analyzing digital images of affected plot areas to determine the percentage of non-green turfgrass within patches. Cultivation did not affect thatch temperature, soil temperature, soil water content, or turf recovery from large patch in early summer. Furthermore, cultivation did not result in overall significant reductions in patch diameters or average weekly rate of patch diameter increase among plots at the three experimental locations. In some site-year combinations, spring and fall N fertility was associated with lower percentages of non-green turf within affected plot areas in Manhattan and Haysville. In some cases, applications of N during spring and fall may alleviate large patch symptoms.Zoysiagrass (Zoysia japonica Steud. and Z. matrella (L.) Merr.) is a warm-season (C4), perennial turfgrass that is widely used on golf courses in the "transition-zone" of the United States, a region that includes Kansas and states eastward to Virginia and North Carolina. Compared with certain cool-season (C3) turfgrass species used on fairways, such as creeping bentgrass (Agrostis stolonifera L.), zoysiagrass has lower water, fertilizer, and pesticide requirements while maintaining a high-quality surface (16). Large patch, caused by Rhizoctonia solani Kühn anastomosis group (AG) 2-2 LP, is the most common and most severe disease of zoysiagrass.In Kansas, symptoms of large patch appear during spring (April to May) and autumn (September to October) as roughly circular, slightly matted tan patches with bright orange margins (17,40,45). Patches can range from 1 to 6 m or more in diameter (17,45), with healthy turf sometimes scattered within the patches. Symptoms on individual plants occur as reddish-brown to black lesions on the basal leaf sheaths. During summer conditions, regrowth within patches often results in full turf recovery, though weeds can encroach while the zoysiagrass is thinned.In laboratory tests, a temperature range of 15 to 25°C was optimum for infection of zoysiagrass by the fungus (17). It has been suggested that the lack of symptoms during summer months is because thatch and soil temperatures often exceed 30°C, potentially hindering growth of the fungus while, at the same time, favoring zoysiagrass root and shoot growth (17). Additionally, soil moisture and leaf wetness are important factors in large patch development and severity. Severe large patch symptoms on zoysiagrass have been associated wi...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Cultivation and Timing of Nitrogen Fertilization on Large Patch Disease of Zoysiagrass

Obasa¹,

Fry²,

Bremer³

et al. 2013

Plant Disease

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“…Iran is a dry climatic country, and this pathogen occurs under these conditions, being a persistent problem that causes significant losses (Eslahi 2012;Hajieghrari 2009). The symptoms of FRR are often associated with those of FCR because these pathogens are also able to infect the roots and grow to the crown (Paulitz 2006). Disease symptoms include stand reductions, brown discoloration on roots, brown necrotic discoloration of crowns and formation of white heads (Scherm and others 2013).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Methyl Jasmonate Strengthens Wheat Plants Against Root and Crown Rot Pathogen Fusarium culmorum Infection

Motallebi

Niknam

Ebrahimzadeh

et al. 2015

J Plant Growth Regul

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Root and crown rot of wheat, caused by Fusarium culmorum (Fc), is a serious disease worldwide, particularly in Iran. Currently, the mechanisms underlying resistance to Fusarium-caused diseases are still unknown. Methyl jasmonate (MeJA) has been identified as a vital cellular regulator, and the effect of exogenous MeJA application during wheat-Fc interaction has not been studied previously at the molecular level. This study, using realtime quantitative PCR, was carried out to determine the expression of seven host defense-associated genes consisting of PR3, PR4, PR5, TaPERO, LOX, PAL and cytochrome P450 gene (CYP709C1) at 48, 72 and 96 h after Fc-inoculation (hai) and to investigate the relationship between the induced resistance by MeJA application and the gene expression patterns. The results showed that several genes were induced earlier (48 hai) and to higher levels in the resistant cv. Sumai3 than in susceptible cv. Falat. Many Fc-induced genes were also activated and induced by MeJA particularly during the later stages of infection; however, in contrast to defense-gene induction by the pathogen, there was not a general trend of higher induction in Sumai3 compared to Falat following this chemical treatment. The chemically induced protection significantly reduced the development of necrotic symptoms in both cultivars over a 3-week period after inoculation; however, this reduction was greater in Falat than in Sumai3 relative to the controls. Surprisingly, the expression of these genes was also expressed in crown tissue that had not yet been in contact with the fungus, signifying that a form of systemic response was taking place in this interaction. This is the first work reporting the effect of timing application of MeJA during Fc infection and comparing the defense-related gene expression between root and crown tissues of wheat genotypes. Moreover, soildrench application of MeJA resulted in strong induction, verifying the success of this application method in systemically activating JA signaling for the first time. These results provided important intimations for designing strategies to curtail diseases caused by Fusarium.

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“…Our study indicates the relative potential of the various R. solani ZG strains, and particularly ZG1-4, ZG1-5, ZG4 and ZG6, to cause serious disease on legume pastures and pose a significant threat to other susceptible rotational crops, especially in no-tillage farming systems (Paulitz 2006). In particular, when choosing pasture legumes as rotation crops, caution needs to be exercised so that the cultivars deployed are those with the best resistance to the R. solani ZGs most likely to be prevalent at the location.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 86%

Cross-pathogenicity of Rhizoctonia solani strains on pasture legumes in pasture-crop rotations

et al. 2007

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Low Input No-till Cereal Production in the Pacific Northwest of the U.S.: The Challenges of Root Diseases

Abstract: Direct-seeding or no-

Cited by 84 publications

References 49 publications

Effect of Cultivation and Timing of Nitrogen Fertilization on Large Patch Disease of Zoysiagrass

Effect of Cultivation and Timing of Nitrogen Fertilization on Large Patch Disease of Zoysiagrass

Methyl Jasmonate Strengthens Wheat Plants Against Root and Crown Rot Pathogen Fusarium culmorum Infection

Cross-pathogenicity of Rhizoctonia solani strains on pasture legumes in pasture-crop rotations

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