Low Intensity Laser Irradiation and Growth Factors Influence Differentiation of Adipose Derived Stem Cells into Smooth Muscle Cells in a Coculture Environment over a Period of 72 Hours

Abstract

Stem cells have the ability to self-renew and differentiate into several specialised cells. Low intensity laser irradiation (LILI) has been shown to have positive effects on cells including adipose derived stem cells (ADSCs). Growth factors such as retinoic acid and transforming growth factor (TGF-β1) play significant roles in the differentiation of cells. This study aimed at investigating the role of LILI and growth factors on differentiation of adipose derived stem cells cocultured with smooth muscle cells (SMCs). The study used isolated human adipose derived stem cells and smooth muscle commercial cells (SKUT-1). The cells were cocultured directly in the ratio 1 : 1 using the established methods with and without growth factors (retinoic acid and TGF-β1) and then exposed to LILI at a wavelength of 636 nm with 5 J/cm2using a diode laser. The cellular proliferation and expression of the both cell type markers were assessed using optical density and flow cytometry at 24 h and 72 h. The study showed that LILI increased the proliferation of cocultured cells. The expression of the smooth muscle cell markers increased in the coculture groups that were exposed to LILI in the presence of growth factors while those of the ADSCs decreased.

Laser‐Induced Differentiation of Human Adipose‐Derived Stem Cells to Temporomandibular Joint Disc Cells

“…Furthermore, the flow cytometry and immunofluorescence results of the current study support differentiation of ADSCs toward fibroblastic and chondrogenic phenotypes at 1 and 2 weeks. Similarly, a laser‐induced differentiation was testified in ADSCs, where a fluence of 5 J/cm 2 at 636 nm induced differentiation into smooth muscle cells [45]. Another study using 810 nm laser documented significant differentiation of bone marrow‐derived mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) into neurons [46].…”

Photobiomodulation—Underlying Mechanism and Clinical Applications

“…However, as promising as this may sound, other studies, where a comparison of stem cell characteristics has been performed before and after laser treatment, have not observed any change in these cells’ activity. Mvula and Abrahamse suggested that the use of a low intensity laser irradiation (LILI) light source, combined with growth factors, improved the differentiation of adipose derived stem cells (ASCs) and confirmed their results through flow cytometry [ 25 ]. In the application of PBM on mesenchymal stem cells in naked mice models, Kim et al showed that the ASCs population was larger with the use of laser therapy than in the controls, suggesting an increase in proliferation.…”

The influence of continuous low-intensity laser radiation at the red (635 nm) and green (525 nm) wavelengths on the human mesenchymal stem cells in vitro: a review of the literature and original investigations

“…В некоторых работах [24][25][26] положительные результаты воздействия НИЛИ с длиной волны 635 нм достигаются при значительно большей ЭП 5 -Дж/см 2 , но касаются они стимулирования высво-бождения клетками эпидермального фактора роста (EGF). Возможно, различные физиологические проявления клеточной активности имеют место при вариациях энергетических и спектральных характе-ристик лазерного света.…”