“…This might prevent some potential candidates from receiving non-invasive treatment strategies such as LIPUS. Furthermore, a large number of studies dedicated to LIPUS stimulation of fresh fractures are either based on case studies (data not shown), retrospective studies (Akiyama et al, 2014;Arima et al, 2017;Kinami et al, 2013;Ota et al, 2018;Ota et al, 2017;Song et al, 2019;Zura et al, 2015b) or prospective trials conducted in an unblinded manner and/or without sham controls (Arimoto et al, 2019;Brand et al, 1999;Dudda et al, 2011;El-Mowafi and Mohsen, 2005;Gan et al, 2014;Gold and Wasserman, 2005;Gopalan et al, 2020;Leung et al, 2004b;Liu et al, 2014;Patel et al, 2015;Salem and Schmelz, 2014;Santana-Rodríguez et al, 2019;Tsumaki et al, 2004;Urita et al, 2013) (Table 1), challenging the credibility of the LIPUS therapy. Additionally, the small size of patient cohorts of several prospective, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trials diminish the importance of their findings (Emami et al, 1999;Handolin et al, 2005a;Handolin et al, 2005b;Raza et al, 2016).…”