Low-latency multi-threaded processing of neuronal signals for brain-computer interfaces

Fischer, Julian; Milekovic, Tomislav; Schneider, Gerhard; Mehring, Carsten

doi:10.3389/fneng.2014.00001

Cited by 21 publications

(34 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…These results are typical for chronically implanted electrodes [43,55,63–66]. Historically, this increase in impedance has been largely attributed to the glial scar creating a resistive layer around the probe [28,65,67]. Unfortunately, the lack of a macroscopic scar seen in previous carbon fiber work [41] and confirmed here, makes it difficult to account for the impedance increase seen with the carbon fibers.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 49%

Chronicin vivostability assessment of carbon fiber microelectrode arrays

et al. 2016

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Objective Individual carbon fiber microelectrodes can record unit activity in both acute and semi-chronic (∼1 month) implants. Additionally, new methods have been developed to insert a 16 channel array of carbon fiber microelectrodes. Before assessing the in vivo long-term viability of these arrays, accelerated soak tests were carried out to determine the most stable site coating material. Next, a multi-animal, multi-month, chronic implantation study was carried out with carbon fiber microelectrode arrays and silicon electrodes. Approach Carbon fibers were first functionalized with one of two different formulations of PEDOT and subjected to accelerated aging in a heated water bath. After determining the best PEDOT formula to use, carbon fiber arrays were chronically implanted in rat motor cortex. Some rodents were also implanted with a single silicon electrode, while others received both. At the end of the study a subset of animals were perfused and the brain tissue sliced. Tissue sections were stained for astrocytes, microglia, and neurons. The local reactive responses were assessed using qualitative and quantitative methods. Main results Electrophysiology recordings showed the carbon fibers detecting unit activity for at least 3 months with average amplitudes of ∼200 μV. Histology analysis showed the carbon fiber arrays with a minimal to non-existent glial scarring response with no adverse effects on neuronal density. Silicon electrodes showed large glial scarring that impacted neuronal counts. Significance This study has validated the use of carbon fiber microelectrode arrays as a chronic neural recording technology. These electrodes have demonstrated the ability to detect single units with high amplitude over 3 months, and show the potential to record for even longer periods. In addition, the minimal reactive response should hold stable indefinitely, as any response by the immune system may reach a steady state after 12 weeks.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 49%

Chronicin vivostability assessment of carbon fiber microelectrode arrays

et al. 2016

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“…The challenge of the online scenario can be resolved using ultra-flexible multi-threaded software running on a multi-core central processing unit (CPU) system (Ciliberti and Kloosterman, 2017;Ciliberti et al, 2018). However, the scalability of this system and other BMIs running on multi-threaded CPU systems is dependent on the limited number of CPU cores (Fischer et al, 2014). Here, we show a significant speedup of the decoding algorithm by employing a highly customized graphics processing unit (GPU) implementation on a standard quad-core PC, which greatly enhances the speed and scalability potential compared to a pure CPU solution.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Real-Time Readout of Large-Scale Unsorted Neural Ensemble Place Codes

Ciliberti

Grosmark

et al. 2018

Cell Reports

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Graphical AbstractHighlights d Spike-sorting-free decoding reconstructs the rat's position with ultrafast speed d GPU-powered population decoding significantly speeds up multi-core CPU-based system d GPU computing empowers real-time assessment of decoded ''memory replay'' candidates d Open-source software toolkit supports closed-loop contenttriggered intervention SUMMARY Uncovering spatial representations from large-scale ensemble spike activity in specific brain circuits provides valuable feedback in closed-loop experiments. We develop a graphics processing unit (GPU)-powered population-decoding system for ultrafast reconstruction of spatial positions from rodents' unsorted spatiotemporal spiking patterns, during run behavior or sleep. In comparison with an optimized quad-core central processing unit (CPU) implementation, our approach achieves an $20to 50-fold increase in speed in eight tested rat hippocampal, cortical, and thalamic ensemble recordings, with real-time decoding speed (approximately fraction of a millisecond per spike) and scalability up to thousands of channels. By accommodating parallel shuffling in real time (computation time <15 ms), our approach enables assessment of the statistical significance of onlinedecoded ''memory replay'' candidates during quiet wakefulness or sleep. This open-source software toolkit supports the decoding of spatial correlates or content-triggered experimental manipulation in closed-loop neuroscience experiments.

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“…This in turn is connected to a computer via universal serial bus (USB) 2.0, acting as communication and power interface. The computer runs proprietary software [58], which permits recording, filtering, feature extraction, etc. of the cortical signals and generates commands to initiate electrical stimulation pulses.…”

Section: The First Pre-clinical Generationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Closed-loop interaction with the cerebral cortex: a review of wireless implant technology

Köhler

Gkogkidis

Bentler

et al. 2017

Brain-Computer Interfaces

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Wireless implants for interaction with the cortex have developed rapidly over the last decade and increasingly meet demands of clinical brain-computer interfaces. For such applications, well-established technologies are available, suitable for recording of neural activity at different spatial scales and adequate for modulating brain activity by cortical electrical stimulation. The incorporation of recording and stimulation into closed-loop systems is a major aim in active, fully implantable medical device design. To reduce clinical long-term implantation risk and to increase the spatial specificity of epicortical recordings and stimulation, micro-electrocorticography is a promising technology. However, currently there is a lack of implants suitable for chronic human clinical applications that utilize micro-electrocorticography and possess closed-loop functionality. Here, we describe the clinical importance of cortical stimulation, give an overview of existing implants that use mainly epicortical recording methods, and present results of a closed-loop microelectrocorticography system developed for clinical application within a collaborative framework. Finally, we conclude with our vision of future design options in the field of neuroprosthetic devices.

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Low-latency multi-threaded processing of neuronal signals for brain-computer interfaces

Cited by 21 publications

References 38 publications

Chronicin vivostability assessment of carbon fiber microelectrode arrays

Chronicin vivostability assessment of carbon fiber microelectrode arrays

Real-Time Readout of Large-Scale Unsorted Neural Ensemble Place Codes

Closed-loop interaction with the cerebral cortex: a review of wireless implant technology

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