Low Lead Levels and Mental Retardation

David, Oliver; Mcgann, Barbara; Hoffman, Stanley P.; Sverd, Jeffrey; Clark, Julian

doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(76)91918-8

Cited by 69 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…and MR in individual children. (Byers & Lord, 1943;Marlowe, 1995;David et al, 1976; The negative correlation between blood lead and SAT trends is consistent with research demonstrating an inverse relationship between preschool blood lead and IQ, and research showing IQ is an excellent predictor of academic achievement. (Schwartz, 1994; U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1991;Lanphear et al 2005;Miranda et.…”

Section: Correlation and Causation Conclusionsupporting

confidence: 61%

“…Regressions compare post-1935 preschool blood lead trends (Nevin, 2007) The 1936-99 preschool blood lead estimates in this analysis are anchored by National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) data for 1976-80, 1988-91, 1992-94, and 1998(Thomas et al, 1999Pirkle et al, 1994; U.S. Centers for Disease Control andPrevention, 1997 &. Average preschool blood lead before and between survey years were extrapolated from NHANES data and year-to-year percent changes in 1980-88 air lead, 1946-76 refinery lead use, and 1936-46 (leaded) Census, 1975;Nevin, 2000Nevin, & 2007 Although children exposed to lead paint and leaded gas had greater risk of elevated blood lead (because lead ingestion is additive), national trends in average blood lead closely tracked air lead and leaded gas use trends (Thomas et al, 1999) due to slow changes in lead paint exposure after the 1930s.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the 1960s, lead poisoning was associated only with childhood blood lead above 60 ug/dL (micrograms of lead per deciliter of blood) but subsequent research links lower blood lead to elevated MR risk (Marlowe, 1995;David et al, 1976;. Many studies also show an inverse relationship between blood lead and IQ and academic achievement (U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1991;Lanphear et al 2005;Miranda et.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Trends in preschool lead exposure, mental retardation, and scholastic achievement: Association or causation?

Nevin

2009

Environmental Research

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Section: Correlation and Causation Conclusionsupporting

confidence: 61%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Trends in preschool lead exposure, mental retardation, and scholastic achievement: Association or causation?

Nevin

2009

Environmental Research

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“…A separate analysis was made of children whose blood lead levels were 1 3 timol/l or higher, in view of the use of 25 pg/100ml as a cut-off point in a study of 94 children in New York, which suggested that low lead toxicity was a factor in borderline and mild retardation (David et al, 1976). Waldron (1975) also supported a lower value than 1 9 jmol/l to allow for discrimination.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Monitoring of lead in the environment.

Millar¹

1978

Journal of Epidemiology & Community Health

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SUMMARY Children living near a lead works and children of employees at the works were selected in order to analyse the lead content of their blood as the biological counterpart of a monitoring exercise for lead in the environment. The overall mean for the 262 children in the survey was 0-91 imol/l and results were within the normal reference range of 0.-3 to 1 .8 for all except two children. The results compared favourably with similar areas, and with a survey in the same area in 1972.The mean for the 71 children of employees at the lead works was 1.02 i±mol/l, significantly higher than the mean for the other children in the survey (0 88 jmol/l). No appreciable differences were found in housing or wind direction. The means for all groups were unexceptional, but some of the differences were significant. Younger children had significantly higher blood lead levels than older children, and the group of 26 children with levels of 1 *3 jmol/l or more was doubly weighted with the youngest age group. After careful investigation, no deviations from normal health were found in this group. The weighting of younger children also contributed to the significance of the higher mean found for children living in the central half of the area.

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“…In einer weiteren Untersuchung kam DAVID zu dem Ergebnis, dass die Ursache von Lernschwierigkeiten viel häufiger auf erhöhte Bleispiegel zurückgeführt werden müsse, als bisher angenommen [7]. GITTELMAN und ESKENAZI [8] sowie auch EPPRIGHT [29] und STEIN [30] zeigten in ihren Publikationen, dass hyperaktive Kinder signifikant höhere Bleispiegel als normalen Kindern besitzen.…”

Section: Chronisch Toxische Belastung Mit Bleiunclassified

Verhaltensauffälligkeiten und Hyperaktivität bei Kindern und Erwachsenen. Bewertung von Schadstoff-Belastungen und Mineralstoff-Imbalancen durch die Bestimmung von toxischen Metallen, Mineralstoffen und Spurenelementen im Haar

Horsch¹,

Schurgast²

2006

Schweiz Z Ganzheitsmed

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Hintergrund: VerhaltensauffÄlligkeiten haben nicht nur psychosoziale GrÜnde, sondern werden durch gut belegte und biochemisch nachvollziehbare Stoffwechsel-StÖrungen mitverursacht. Ritalin und andere Psychopharmaka kÖnnen bei VerhaltensauffÄlligkeiten kurz- und mittelfristig sinnvoll sein. Diese Medikamente kÖnnen die Symptome durchaus positiv beeinflussen – sie kÖnnen aber in der Regel die zugrunde liegenden stoffwechselbedingten Ursachen nicht beheben. Studienziel: Nachweis von Verschiebungen im Mineralstoff- und Spurenelementhaushalt sowie von ÜbermÄssigen Belastungen mit toxischen Spurenelementen bei hyperaktiven und verhaltensauffÄlligen Personen. Design: Retrospektive Datenanalyse. Methoden: In der vorliegenden Studie wurde das mittels einer Haar-Mineral-Analyse bestimmte, biochemische Profil von 1257 verhaltensauffÄlligen Personen statistisch ausgewertet. Ergebnisse: Die verhaltensauffÄlligen Personen zeigten um 25% resp. 23% erniedrigte Werte im Bereich der Mineralstoffe Calcium und Magnesium. Daneben konnten signifikante Belastungen des KÖrpers mit den toxischen Metallen Aluminium und Blei nachgewiesen werden. Schlussfolgerung: Es ist in weiteren Untersuchungen abzuklÄren, inwieweit Mineralstoff-Imbalancen und Schadstoff-Belastungen VerhaltensstÖrungen mitverursachen kÖnnen. Um einen langfristigen Behandlungs-Erfolg von VerhaltensstÖrungen zu ermÖglichen, mÜssen die festgestellten Stoffwechsel-Ungleichgewichte resp. Umweltbelastungen mittels diverser Interventionen korrigiert werden. Dabei stehen ein paralleler Einsatz der schulmedizinischen Massnahmen zusammen mit ErnÄhrungsinterventionen und eine gezielte separate MikronÄhrstoff-Zufuhr im Vordergrund.

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Low Lead Levels and Mental Retardation

Cited by 69 publications

References 6 publications

Trends in preschool lead exposure, mental retardation, and scholastic achievement: Association or causation?

Trends in preschool lead exposure, mental retardation, and scholastic achievement: Association or causation?

Monitoring of lead in the environment.

Verhaltensauffälligkeiten und Hyperaktivität bei Kindern und Erwachsenen. Bewertung von Schadstoff-Belastungen und Mineralstoff-Imbalancen durch die Bestimmung von toxischen Metallen, Mineralstoffen und Spurenelementen im Haar

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