Low Leptin Levels but Norma Body Mass Indices in Patients with Depression or Schizophrenia

Kraus, Thomas; Haack, Monika; Schuld, Andreas; Hinze-Selch, D.; Pollmächer, Thomas

doi:10.1159/000054641

Cited by 173 publications

(132 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…These results are consistent with the findings of Collin et al (36) who observed that ob/ob mice (leptin-deficient) exhibited significantly lower locomotor activity and increased immobility compared to their lean littermates. In addition, a clinical study performed by Kraus and colleagues (37) showed low levels of leptin in depressed patients. In contrast, we found no difference in immobility between mice treated or not with leptin.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Behavioral changes induced by cocaine in mice are modified by a hyperlipidic diet or recombinant leptin

Erhardt

Zibetti

Godinho

et al. 2006

Braz J Med Biol Res

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The objective of the present study was to determine if the acute behavioral effects of cocaine acutely administered intraperitoneally (ip) at doses of 5, 10 and 20 mg/kg on white male CF1 mice, 90 days of age, would be influenced by leptin acutely administered ip (at doses of 5, 10 and 20 µg/kg) or by endogenous leptin production enhanced by a high-fat diet. The acute behavioral effects of cocaine were evaluated in open-field, elevated plus-maze and forced swimming tests. Results were compared between a group of 80 mice consuming a balanced diet and a high-fat diet, and a group of 80 mice fed a commercially available rodent chow formula (Ralston Purina) but receiving recombinant leptin (rLeptin) or saline ip. Both the high-fatfed and rLeptin-treated mice showed decreased locomotion in the open-field test, spent more time in the open arms of the elevated plusmaze and showed less immobility time in the forced swimming test (F (1,68) = 7.834, P = 0.007). There was an interaction between diets and cocaine/saline treatments in locomotion (F (3,34) = 3.751, P = 0.020) and exploration (F (3,34) = 3.581, P = 0.024). These results suggest that anxiolytic effects and increased general activity were induced by leptin in cocaine-treated mice and that low leptin levels are associated with behavioral depression. Chronic changes in diet composition producing high leptin levels or rLeptin treatment may result in an altered response to cocaine in ethologic tests that measure degrees of anxiety and depression, which could be attributed to an antagonistic effect of leptin.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Behavioral changes induced by cocaine in mice are modified by a hyperlipidic diet or recombinant leptin

Erhardt

Zibetti

Godinho

et al. 2006

Braz J Med Biol Res

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…In contrast, other reports found that low leptin levels were associated with depression. With larger sample sizes, two research groups demonstrated that plasma leptin levels were decreased in patients with major depression independent of body mass status [21,22]. Also, lower levels of leptin in cerebrospinal fluid were found in suicide attempters with depression than those without depression [23,24].…”

Section: Human Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

The leptin hypothesis of depression: a potential link between mood disorders and obesity?

Lü

2007

Current Opinion in Pharmacology

259

198

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SummaryThe adipose-derived hormone leptin is well known for its function in the control of energy homeostasis. Recent studies suggest a novel role for this adipokine in the regulation of mood and emotion. Low levels of leptin have been found to be associated with depressive behaviors in rodents and humans. Pharmacological studies indicate that leptin has antidepressant-like efficacy. Both leptin insufficiency and leptin resistance may contribute to alterations of affective status. Identifying the key brain regions that mediate leptin's antidepressant activity and dissecting its intracellular signal transduction pathways may provide new insights into the pathogenesis of depression and facilitate the development of novel therapeutic strategies for the treatment of this illness.

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“…The difference remained significant after adjustment for the covariates of BMI, age, medication and smoking. 56 Both IL-6 and leptin can influence bone metabolism. IL-6 and its receptor can modulate bone remodeling by regulating both osteoclast and osteoblast development and function.…”

Section: Inteleukin-6 (Il-6) and Leptinmentioning

confidence: 99%

Depression and Osteoporosis in Men: Association or Casual Link?

Ilias¹,

Alesci²,

Gold³

et al. 2006

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The longer life expectancy of women than that of men and, therefore, the longer exposure to fracture risk has, at least partially, led to neglect of osteoporosis in men. Recently, unipolar depression, which is 2 times more frequent in women than in men, has been linked to osteoporosis. However, it is quite possible that this diagnosis may escape detection in men because of a different behavioral phenotype between the genders. A potential mechanism of bone loss in depression has been proposed, involving concurrent activation of the hypothalamopituitary-adrenal and sympatho-adrenal axes, suppression of the gonadal and somatotrophic axes, and high inteleukin-6 and low leptin levels. We suggest that similar neurohormonal changes may cause osteoporosis in men. OSTEOPOROSIS IN MENOver the last two decades, osteoporosis has received increasing attention as a major health problem worldwide. It has been estimated that in the United States alone, 10 million people suffer from osteoporosis, and 18 million more are afflicted with osteopenia, which has been associated with an increased risk for nontraumatic fractures later in life. 1Osteoporosis is still regarded mainly as a womens disease. This could be attributed to a higher bone mass in men and the absence of menopause, as well as to the fact that men undergo fewer bone mineral density (BMD) measurements than women.2 Since life expectancy has considerably increased worldwide over the last century (with mens longevity, however, still lagging somewhat behind that of women: 75v. 80 years in the U.S.), more and more older men are now are now expected to develop multiple coexisting illnesses contributing to bone loss. With advancing age, the likelihood of accidental falls also increases and this is accompanied by an elevated likelihood of sustaining fractures. In the following review we examine the tentative association of depression and osteoporosis in men.

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Low Leptin Levels but Norma Body Mass Indices in Patients with Depression or Schizophrenia

Cited by 173 publications

References 24 publications

Behavioral changes induced by cocaine in mice are modified by a hyperlipidic diet or recombinant leptin

Behavioral changes induced by cocaine in mice are modified by a hyperlipidic diet or recombinant leptin

The leptin hypothesis of depression: a potential link between mood disorders and obesity?

Depression and Osteoporosis in Men: Association or Casual Link?

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