Low‐level laser therapy in chronic autoimmune thyroiditis: A pilot study

Höfling, Danilo Bianchini; Chavantes, Maria Cristina; Juliano, Adriana Gonçalves; Cerri, Giovanni Guido; Romão, Rossana; Yoshimura, Elisabeth Mateus; Chammas, Maria Cristina

doi:10.1002/lsm.20941

Cited by 24 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…An initial pilot trial [89] used 10 applications of PBM (830 nm, 50 mW, 38–108 J/cm 2 ), twice a week, using either the punctual technique (8 patients) or the sweep technique (7 patients). Patients required a lower dosage of levothyroxine, and showed an increased echogenicity by ultrasound.…”

Section: Clinical Applications Of Pbm For Inflammationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mechanisms and applications of the anti-inflammatory effects of photobiomodulation

2017

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Photobiomodulation (PBM) also known as low-level level laser therapy is the use of red and near-infrared light to stimulate healing, relieve pain, and reduce inflammation. The primary chromophores have been identified as cytochrome c oxidase in mitochondria, and calcium ion channels (possibly mediated by light absorption by opsins). Secondary effects of photon absorption include increases in ATP, a brief burst of reactive oxygen species, an increase in nitric oxide, and modulation of calcium levels. Tertiary effects include activation of a wide range of transcription factors leading to improved cell survival, increased proliferation and migration, and new protein synthesis. There is a pronounced biphasic dose response whereby low levels of light have stimulating effects, while high levels of light have inhibitory effects. It has been found that PBM can produce ROS in normal cells, but when used in oxidatively stressed cells or in animal models of disease, ROS levels are lowered. PBM is able to up-regulate anti-oxidant defenses and reduce oxidative stress. It was shown that PBM can activate NF-kB in normal quiescent cells, however in activated inflammatory cells, inflammatory markers were decreased. One of the most reproducible effects of PBM is an overall reduction in inflammation, which is particularly important for disorders of the joints, traumatic injuries, lung disorders, and in the brain. PBM has been shown to reduce markers of M1 phenotype in activated macrophages. Many reports have shown reductions in reactive nitrogen species and prostaglandins in various animal models. PBM can reduce inflammation in the brain, abdominal fat, wounds, lungs, spinal cord.

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Section: Clinical Applications Of Pbm For Inflammationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mechanisms and applications of the anti-inflammatory effects of photobiomodulation

2017

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“…Recent evidences have suggested that low-level laser therapy (LLLT) may improve thyroid function and reduce the levels of thyroid peroxidase antibodies (TPOAb) in patients with hypothyroidism caused by CAT [6, 7]. Color Doppler ultrasound (CDU) provides important additional information beyond that obtained by B-mode ultrasound, allowing the evaluation of various parameters of thyroid vascularization.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of the Effects of Low-Level Laser Therapy on the Thyroid Vascularization of Patients with Autoimmune Hypothyroidism by Color Doppler Ultrasound

et al. 2012

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Background. Chronic autoimmune thyroiditis (CAT) frequently alters thyroid vascularization, likely as a result of the autoimmune process. Objective. To evaluate the effects of low-level laser therapy (LLLT) on the thyroid vascularization of patients with hypothyroidism induced by CAT using color Doppler ultrasound parameters. Methods. In this randomized clinical trial, 43 patients who underwent levothyroxine replacement for CAT-induced hypothyroidism were randomly assigned to receive either 10 sessions of LLLT (L group, n = 23) or 10 sessions of a placebo treatment (P group, n = 20). Color Doppler ultrasounds were performed before and 30 days after interventions. To verify the vascularity of the thyroid parenchyma, power Doppler was performed. The systolic peak velocity (SPV) and resistance index (RI) in the superior (STA) and inferior thyroid arteries (ITAs) were measured by pulsed Doppler. Results. The frequency of normal vascularization of the thyroid lobes observed in the postintervention power Doppler examination was significantly higher in the L than in the P group (P = 0.023). The pulsed Doppler examination revealed an increase in the SPV of the ITA in the L group compared with the P group (P = 0.016). No significant differences in the SPV of the STA and in the RI were found between the groups. Conclusion. These results suggest that LLLT can ameliorate thyroid parenchyma vascularization and increase the SPV of the ITA of patients with hypothyroidism caused by CAT.

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“…12 We assumed that LLLT applied to the lower face could lead to indirect exposure of the thyroid gland, as 830 nm wavelength lasers can reach deeper planes and exert both local and systemic effects. 5,6,[28][29][30]36,38 The rabbit model was chosen because of the previously reported ease of handling, surgical preparation, and postoperative follow-up. 8,28,34,38 Moreover, the size of these animals enabled the use of conventional implants available for clinical use in humans.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Studies on the effect of infrared laser irradiation directly on the thyroid gland have shown increased mitotic activity in follicular cells, transient hyperactivity of some thyroid follicles, 32,33 and changes in circulating serum levels of the hormones secreted by the thyroid gland, triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4). [34][35][36] These findings prompted the present study, as the thyroid gland is located near the mandibular region, a frequent site of irradiation after dental procedures. The objective of this study was to assess the side effects or systemic effects of LLLT used after mandibular dental implant insertion to improve osseointegration through a systematic assessment of circulating serum levels of T3, T4, and calcium in a rabbit model after three different protocols of low-level laser irradiation of the area of implantation of the osseointegrated implant placed immediately into the fresh extraction socket of the mandibular left incisor.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 92%

Effect of Three Different Protocols of Low-Level Laser Therapy on Thyroid Hormone Production After Dental Implant Placement in an Experimental Rabbit Model

Weber

Mayer²,

Cenci³

et al. 2014

Photomedicine and Laser Surgery

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Objective: The purpose of this study was to assess the systemic effects of low-level laser therapy (LLLT) on thyroid gland function and, consequently, calcium regulation -as measured by serum triiodothyronine (T3), thyroxine (T4), and free calcium levels -when administered after dental implant placement in a rabbit model. Background data: Protocols for the use of laser therapy in several clinical procedures are currently under investigation, as not all of the actions and systemic effects of laser irradiation have been clearly established. Materials and methods: Forty male adult New Zealand rabbits were distributed across five groups of eight animals each: two control groups (C-I and C-II) of unirradiated animals, and three experimental groups (E-5, E-10, and E-20), each exposed to a distinct dose of gallium-aluminum-arsenide (GaAlAs) laser [k = 830 nm, 50 mW, continuous wave (CW)] every 48 h for a total of seven sessions. The total dose per session was 5 J/cm 2 in E-5, 10 J/cm 2 in E-10, and 20 J/cm 2 in E-20. Animals in C-II and all experimental groups underwent surgical extraction of the mandibular left incisor followed by immediate placement of an osseointegrated implant (Nanotite Ò , Biomet 3i TM ) into the socket. Animals in group C-I served as an absolute control for T3, T4, and calcium measurements. The level of significance was set at 5% ( p £ 0.05). Results: ANOVA with Tukey's posthoc test revealed significant differences in T3 and calcium levels among experimental groups, as well as significant within-group differences in T3, T4, and calcium levels over time. Conclusions: Although not reaching abnormal values, LLLT applied to the mandible influenced thyroid function in this model.

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Low‐level laser therapy in chronic autoimmune thyroiditis: A pilot study

Abstract: The preliminary results indicate that LLLT promotes the improvement of thyroid function, as patients experienced a decreased need for LT4, a reduction in TPOAb levels, and an increase in parenchymal echogenicity.

Cited by 24 publications

References 29 publications

Mechanisms and applications of the anti-inflammatory effects of photobiomodulation

Mechanisms and applications of the anti-inflammatory effects of photobiomodulation

Assessment of the Effects of Low-Level Laser Therapy on the Thyroid Vascularization of Patients with Autoimmune Hypothyroidism by Color Doppler Ultrasound

Effect of Three Different Protocols of Low-Level Laser Therapy on Thyroid Hormone Production After Dental Implant Placement in an Experimental Rabbit Model

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