Low level lindane exposure alters extinction of conditioned fear in rats

Cloutier, Sylvie; Forquer, Melissa R.; Sorg, Barbara A.

doi:10.1016/j.tox.2005.09.003

Cited by 11 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…Rats assigned to the INJ condition were injected IP with 1 mL/kg physiologic sterile saline (0.9% NaCl) based on body weight from the previous day of injection using a short (15.2 mm), fine (27 gauge) needle with a 1 mL syringe. The injection volume and 10-day treatment period were consistent with our previous studies (Cloutier and Newberry, 2008;Cloutier et al, 2014), allowing comparison of findings, and simulated relatively long-term, low dose drug or chemical exposure as used in some pharmacological and toxicological experiments carried out on laboratory rodents (Cloutier et al, 2006). Using the left hand, the experimenter cradled the rat's back and thorax, with the forefinger and middle finger placed on either side of the animal's body at shoulder level, and the thumb over the right hind leg preventing it from moving.…”

Section: Experimental Treatmentssupporting

confidence: 79%

Playful handling of laboratory rats is more beneficial when applied before than after routine injections

Cloutier

Wahl

Panksepp

et al. 2015

Applied Animal Behaviour Science

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Section: Experimental Treatmentssupporting

confidence: 79%

Playful handling of laboratory rats is more beneficial when applied before than after routine injections

Cloutier

Wahl

Panksepp

et al. 2015

Applied Animal Behaviour Science

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“…The elevated plus-maze was as previously described [50] and consisted of a “plus”-shaped platform made of black opaque Plexiglas, which was 10 cm in width and 50 cm in length, creating a 10×10 cm neutral zone in the center. The plus-maze was elevated 50 cm from the floor.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The light (described above) was placed on the white lid above the center of the light compartment. One week after testing in the light:dark box in which the additional lighting was used, all rats were tested in the elevated plus-maze as previously described [50]. The elevated plus-maze relies on the animal's natural fear of open spaces, and the percent time spent on the open arms and percent of open arm entries are believed to be a measure of general anxiety level [53].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Transgenerational Epigenetic Programming of the Brain Transcriptome and Anxiety Behavior

et al. 2008

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Embryonic exposure to the endocrine disruptor vinclozolin during gonadal sex determination promotes an epigenetic reprogramming of the male germ-line that is associated with transgenerational adult onset disease states. Further analysis of this transgenerational phenotype on the brain demonstrated reproducible changes in the brain transcriptome three generations (F3) removed from the exposure. The transgenerational alterations in the male and female brain transcriptomes were distinct. In the males, the expression of 92 genes in the hippocampus and 276 genes in the amygdala were transgenerationally altered. In the females, the expression of 1,301 genes in the hippocampus and 172 genes in the amygdala were transgenerationally altered. Analysis of specific gene sets demonstrated that several brain signaling pathways were influenced including those involved in axon guidance and long-term potentiation. An investigation of behavior demonstrated that the vinclozolin F3 generation males had a decrease in anxiety-like behavior, while the females had an increase in anxiety-like behavior. These observations demonstrate that an embryonic exposure to an environmental compound appears to promote a reprogramming of brain development that correlates with transgenerational sex-specific alterations in the brain transcriptomes and behavior. Observations are discussed in regards to environmental and transgenerational influences on the etiology of brain disease.

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“…The fear-conditioned apparatus was the same as that previously described (Cloutier, Forquer, & Sorg, 2006). For the consolidation experiment, animals were habituated to the shock chamber for 10 min for two consecutive days prior to conditioning.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Inhibition of matrix metalloproteinase activity disrupts reconsolidation but not consolidation of a fear memory

Brown

Wilson

Cocking

et al. 2009

Neurobiology of Learning and Memory

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The reconsolidation hypothesis posits that memories that have been reactivated can be either enhanced or disrupted by pharmacological manipulation. Synaptic plasticity is presumed to underlie the reconsolidation process. Matrix metalloproteinases are proteins that regulate the extracellular matrix involved in plasticity events, and these proteins have recently been shown to influence learning and memory. However, all studies on the role of matrix metalloproteinases in learning and memory have employed tasks that rely on contextual cues. The goal of this study was to determine the extent to which FN-439 would disrupt the consolidation and/or reconsolidation of a fear memory associated with a conditioned stimulus that signaled tone-shock pairings and that was independent of contextual cues. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were given infusions of FN-439 (35 μg intracerebroventricular) 30 min prior to conditioning (tone-shock paired association) or 30 min prior to a single reactivation session given 24 hr after conditioning. Administration of FN-439 did not disrupt consolidation of the freezing response when the tone (conditioned stimulus) was presented. In contrast, FN-439 infusion disrupted reconsolidation of the fear memory in a reactivation-dependent manner. The reduced freezing behavior was not due to a decrease in general anxiety levels, since FN-439 had no effect on the percent of open-arm time or open-arm entries in an elevated-plus maze task. Thus, we demonstrated for the first time that matrix metalloproteinase inhibition in the brain is capable of disrupting the reconsolidation of a tone-shock association memory that does not depend on contextual cues. The finding that a fear response to a previously paired conditioned stimulus can be disrupted by treatment with an MMP inhibitor during a single reactivation session suggests that this class of compounds may have therapeutic potential for posttraumatic stress disorder and/or simple phobias.

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Low level lindane exposure alters extinction of conditioned fear in rats

Cited by 11 publications

References 29 publications

Playful handling of laboratory rats is more beneficial when applied before than after routine injections

Playful handling of laboratory rats is more beneficial when applied before than after routine injections

Transgenerational Epigenetic Programming of the Brain Transcriptome and Anxiety Behavior

Inhibition of matrix metalloproteinase activity disrupts reconsolidation but not consolidation of a fear memory

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