Low levels of spexin and adiponectin may predict insulin resistance in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver

Zhang, Linxiang; Li, Guangzhi; She, Yuqing; Zhang, Zhenwen

doi:10.1016/j.plabm.2021.e00207

Cited by 14 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…A similar phenomenon of increased β-Klotho has also been observed in adiponectin-mediated FGF21 improvement of blood glucose [106]. Another study revealed that adiponectin, as a downstream effector of FGF21, enhances Akt activation and promotes glucose clearance in the soleus and gastrocnemius muscles of mice because adiponectin is one of the sensitizing regulators of insulin [106,107]. The enhanced insulin sensitivity observed with FGF21 treatment has been attributed to its biological property of acting as a signal transduction terminal for exogenous substances to improve insulin signaling.…”

Section: Fgf21 Preserves Muscle Glucose Metabolism In An Insulin-depe...mentioning

confidence: 58%

Fibroblast Growth Factor 21: A Fascinating Perspective on the Regulation of Muscle Metabolism

Li,

Chen,

Wei

et al. 2023

IJMS

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Fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) plays a vital role in normal eukaryotic organism development and homeostatic metabolism under the influence of internal and external factors such as endogenous hormone changes and exogenous stimuli. Over the last few decades, comprehensive studies have revealed the key role of FGF21 in regulating many fundamental metabolic pathways, including the muscle stress response, insulin signaling transmission, and muscle development. By coordinating these metabolic pathways, FGF21 is thought to contribute to acclimating to a stressful environment and the subsequent recovery of cell and tissue homeostasis. With the emphasis on FGF21, we extensively reviewed the research findings on the production and regulation of FGF21 and its role in muscle metabolism. We also emphasize how the FGF21 metabolic networks mediate mitochondrial dysfunction, glycogen consumption, and myogenic development and investigate prospective directions for the functional exploitation of FGF21 and its downstream effectors, such as the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR).

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Section: Fgf21 Preserves Muscle Glucose Metabolism In An Insulin-depe...mentioning

confidence: 58%

Fibroblast Growth Factor 21: A Fascinating Perspective on the Regulation of Muscle Metabolism

Li,

Chen,

Wei

et al. 2023

IJMS

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“…10 Similar to the findings of animal studies, plasma SPX levels were lower in NAFLD patients compared to controls. 59 These findings demonstrate a potentially therapeutic value of SPX for hepatic steatosis/NAFLD treatment.…”

Section: Protective Effect Of Spx On Nafldmentioning

confidence: 77%

Impact of spexin on metabolic diseases and inflammation: An updated minireview

Türkel

Memi

Yazgan

2022

Exp Biol Med (Maywood)

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Spexin (SPX) is a 14 amino acid length peptide hormone which was discovered using bioinformatic tools. It is extensively expressed in central and peripheral tissues and secreted into circulation in response to metabolic stress. Recent studies revealed that SPX acts as a multifunctional peptide in various metabolic processes such as body weight, food intake, energy balance, glucose and lipid metabolism, lipid storage, salt–water balance, and arterial blood pressure. Endogenous SPX is sensitive to metabolic changes, and circulating levels of SPX have been shown to be reduced in chronic diseases such as obesity, diabetes, and insulin resistance. Moreover, in fish and rodent models, systemic SPX treatment has positive effects on metabolism including reduced food intake, fat mass, lipid accumulation, and inflammation, improved insulin sensitivity, energy expenditure, and organ functions which are underlying mechanisms in diseases. Taken together, these findings suggest that SPX is a potential drug target for the development of new pharmacological strategies to cure metabolic diseases. This review focuses on metabolo-protective properties of SPX and discusses novel insights into the biology and mechanism of SPX in the pathogenesis of diabetes, obesity, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, metabolic syndrome, polycystic ovary syndrome, cardiovascular diseases, and kidney diseases, which are considerable global health problems.

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“…However, the level of spexin in the DM-OB group was significantly lower than that in the DM-OV group and DM-NW group. Previous studies have shown that serum spexin levels are significantly lower in patients with T1DM, T2DM, gestational diabetes mellitus, obesity, polycystic ovarian syndrome and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (6,(11)(12)(13)(14)(15). Previous studies have found that the expression of spexin changes when diseases progress.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Serum spexin differed in newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes patients according to body mass index and increased with the improvement of metabolic status

Yan

Huang

et al. 2022

Front. Endocrinol.

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ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to explore serum spexin levels in newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients with different body mass indexes (BMIs) and to investigate the changes of spexin after improvement of metabolic indicators.MethodsA total of 323 newly diagnosed T2DM patients from national Metabolic Management Center (MMC) in Shanghai General Hospital were recruited. T2DM patients were categorized into three groups: diabetes with obesity group (DM-OB group, BMI≥28 kg/m2, n=89), diabetes with overweight group (DM-OV group, 24≤BMI<28 kg/m2, n=161), and diabetes with normal weight group (DM-NW group, 18≤BMI<24 kg/m2, n=73). In addition, 41 volunteers with normal glucose tolerance (NGT) were used as controls. Spexin and metabolic parameters were compared at baseline, and changes after MMC follow-up in 100 DM patients were investigated.ResultsIn the DM-OB group, the level of spexin was significantly lower than that in the DM-OV group and the DM-NW group (P < 0.01). Spexin was significantly negatively related to body mass index (BMI, β=-0.214, P<0.001), waist circumference (β=-0.249, P<0.001), visceral fat area (VFA, β=-0.214, P<0.001), and subcutaneous fat area (SFA, β=-0.265, P<0.001) after adjustment for age and sex. Among all the metabolic indicators, the decline in BMI in the DM-OB group was the most obvious among those in the three groups (-3.7 ± 0.8 kg/m2 vs. -0.9 ± 0.3 kg/m2 vs. 0.7 ± 0.6 kg/m2, P<0.01) after one year of MMC standardized management. The serum spexin level in the DM-OB group increased the most (1.00 ± 0.10 ng/mL vs. 0.49 ± 0.06 ng/mL in DM-OV group and 0.58 ± 0.09 ng/mL in DM-NW group, P < 0.001).ConclusionsSerum spexin differed in newly diagnosed T2DM patients according to BMI and was lowest in the DM-OB group. With the improvement of metabolic indicators, especially the decline in BMI, serum spexin increased significantly after MMC management.

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Low levels of spexin and adiponectin may predict insulin resistance in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver

Cited by 14 publications

References 26 publications

Fibroblast Growth Factor 21: A Fascinating Perspective on the Regulation of Muscle Metabolism

Fibroblast Growth Factor 21: A Fascinating Perspective on the Regulation of Muscle Metabolism

Impact of spexin on metabolic diseases and inflammation: An updated minireview

Serum spexin differed in newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes patients according to body mass index and increased with the improvement of metabolic status

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