Low Molecular Weight Gelators Bearing Electroactive Groups as Cathode Materials for Rechargeable Batteries

Zhong, Wenbin; Fujisawa, Seiya; Suzuki, Masahiro; Hanabusa, Kenji

doi:10.1002/masy.201500138

Cited by 6 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…In the literature, a vast number of papers have shown the possibility to use physical gels in a variety of different fields of industry (in pharmaceutics, medicine, enginery, electronics, etc.). [6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14] Moreover our previous studies showed that such ionogels based on LMWGs can have new unexpected properties like enhanced conductivity effects, whose origin constitutes an open question that needs to be answered if these materials are going to be a real candidate for replacing PGEs. 15 Both mentioned approaches can deliver solidified electrolytes, the former are created by covalent interactions, the latter by physical ones.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The gelation influence on diffusion and conductivity enhancement effect in renewable ionic gels based on a LMWG

Bielejewski

Rachocki

Kaszyńska

et al. 2018

Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys.

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This paper reports the interdisciplinary study on molecular dynamics, ionic interactions and electrical conductivity in a quaternary ammonium salt (TMABr) ionogel based on a low molecular weight gelator (LMWG) in a wide range of electrolyte molar concentrations. The thermal scanning conductometry (TSC) was used to investigate the electric properties of the ionogels. The prepared TMABr/HO/LMWG ionogel exhibits better ion transport properties than the dissociated TMA cation in solution. The enhanced ionic conductivity effect (EICE) was observed in the concentration range of the TMABr salt up to 1 M. To investigate the transport properties of the TMA cation and solvent molecules in the gel and sol phase, the NMR diffusiometry method was used. The field-cycling relaxometry method (FFC NMR) was applied to study the local motions of the electrolyte at the surface of the gelator matrix. On the basis of the obtained data, the higher ionic conductivity observed in the gel phase has been related to the microstructure of the gel matrix. The possible explanation for the origin of this effect has been given. The investigated system is a thermally reversible physical gel, all registered data were reproducible upon transforming the sample from gel to sol and back to the gel state, confirming the enhancement effect as a permanent property of the investigated ionogels. Therefore, the EICE has been proposed to be used as an internal sensor to monitor the condition of the ionogel phase, thus making them smart materials.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The gelation influence on diffusion and conductivity enhancement effect in renewable ionic gels based on a LMWG

Bielejewski

Rachocki

Kaszyńska

et al. 2018

Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys.

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“…The small molecules are designed to stack via noncovalent interactions, such as hydrogen bonding and π–π stacking. ,− Compared with chemically cross-linked gels, the supramolecular compounds are loosely connected and thus offer a larger diffusion coefficient of D app = 10 –7 cm 2 /s . TEMPO and nitronyl nitroxide gelators have been reported, ,− whereas larger redox moieties would disrupt the supramolecular interactions that form gels . It is unclear whether the gels themselves or trace amounts of dissolved gelators contributed to the large diffusion coefficient. , …”

Section: Redox Processes Of Organic Robust Radicals and Their Polymersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Redox: Organic Robust Radicals and Their Polymers for Energy Conversion/Storage Devices

Hatakeyama-Sato,

Oyaizu

2023

Chem. Rev.

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Persistent radicals can hold their unpaired electrons even under conditions where they accumulate, leading to the unique characteristics of radical ensembles with open-shell structures and their molecular properties, such as magneticity, radical trapping, catalysis, charge storage, and electrical conductivity. The molecules also display fast, reversible redox reactions, which have attracted particular attention for energy conversion and storage devices. This paper reviews the electrochemical aspects of persistent radicals and the corresponding macromolecules, radical polymers. Radical structures and their redox reactions are introduced, focusing on redox potentials, bistability, and kinetic constants for electrode reactions and electron self-exchange reactions. Unique charge transport and storage properties are also observed with the accumulated form of redox sites in radical polymers. The radical molecules have potential electrochemical applications, including in rechargeable batteries, redox flow cells, photovoltaics, diodes, and transistors, and in catalysts, which are reviewed in the last part of this paper.

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“…The growing significance of the physical gels can be observed on the basis of their practical applications in a variety of different fields of industry (in pharmaceutics, medicine, enginery, electronics, etc.) [9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17]. In case of the ionogels, the weakest point is low phase transition temperature (even much below 100°C) what makes them lose with PGE, even if using polymers have some drawbacks (e.g., disposal of used elements).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of self-assembly aggregation on physical properties of non-aqueous ionogels based on LMWG

Bielejewski

2018

J Sol-Gel Sci Technol

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In recent years the low-molecular-weight gelators (LMWG) started to be used as a hardener for liquid electrolytes to create ionogels (OIG). The characteristic properties of gels created by LMWG, like thermal reversibility, very low critical concentration of the gelator, and huge versatility of possible compounds that can be used, were thought to give them advantage over commercial polymer gel electrolytes (PGE). However, the PGE are still dominating, mainly thanks to its superior mechanical resistance and wide temperature range when compared to OIG. The narrow temperature range of the gel phase existence in case of OIGs is the biggest disadvantage. This paper reports the interdisciplinary study on physical properties of created ionogels with nonaqueous electrolyte solutions of quaternary ammonium salts (TAMBr, TEABr, TBABr) and low-molecular-weight gelators for different molar concentrations of the electrolyte. It will be shown how the self-assembly aggregation phenomenon can be used to extend the temperature range of the ionogel phase existence. The thermal scanning conductometry (TSC) method was used to investigate the electric properties of the ionogels. To investigate the transport properties of the cations and solvent molecules in the gel and sol phase, the NMR diffusometry method was used. For identification of intermolecular interaction in studied systems, the NMR spectroscopy method was used and to study how the different salts influence on the properties of used solvent, the tuning-fork vibration viscosimetry method was used.

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Low Molecular Weight Gelators Bearing Electroactive Groups as Cathode Materials for Rechargeable Batteries

Cited by 6 publications

References 26 publications

The gelation influence on diffusion and conductivity enhancement effect in renewable ionic gels based on a LMWG

The gelation influence on diffusion and conductivity enhancement effect in renewable ionic gels based on a LMWG

Redox: Organic Robust Radicals and Their Polymers for Energy Conversion/Storage Devices

Effect of self-assembly aggregation on physical properties of non-aqueous ionogels based on LMWG

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