Low mother-to-child-transmission rate of Hepatitis C virus in cART treated HIV-1 infected mothers

Snijdewind, Ingrid J.M.; Smit, Colette; Schutten, Martin; Nellen, F.J.B.; Kroon, F.P.; Reiss, Peter; Ende, Marchina E. van der

doi:10.1016/j.jcv.2015.04.002

Cited by 19 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…14 HIV-HCV coinfection in children appears now to be rare as HIV vertical transmission rates have declined, worldwide. 15…”

Section: Seroprevalence and Burdenmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…71 Effective antiretroviral treatment in pregnant women with HIV-HCV coinfection appears to be associated with a reduced risk of HCV as well as HIV vertical transmission. 15,20 Preemptive treatment and cure of HCV-infected women before they become pregnant is one strategy to prevent vertical transmission, but requires maternal diagnosis prior to becoming pregnant. Although DAA therapy has not yet been approved for use in pregnant or breastfeeding women, the "double dividend" of curing both maternal HCV infection and preventing vertical transmission is compelling.…”

Section: Preventionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Hepatitis C virus infection in children and adolescents

Indolfi

Easterbrook

Dusheiko

et al. 2019

The Lancet Gastroenterology & Hepatology

151

147

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Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is a major cause of chronic liver disease and associated morbidity and mortality worldwide. Short-course, oral, curative, direct-acting antiviral regimens have now transformed treatment for HCV infection. Since the launch in 2016 of the first global strategy towards elimination of viral hepatitis as a public health threat by 2030, the predominant focus of the global response has been on treatment of adults, who bear the greatest burden of morbidity and mortality of HCV related chronic liver disease. There has been much less attention paid to addressing response to HCV in children and adolescents, in part because of the lack of data to inform specific paediatric management practices and policy. In this review, we summarize current knowledge on epidemiology, natural history, and treatment of chronic HCV infection in adolescents and children, and highlight key differences from infection acquired in adulthood. The estimated global prevalence and burden in children aged 1 to 19 years is 0•15% and 3•5 (3•1-3•9) million, respectively. HCV infection is usually asymptomatic during childhood, and cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma are rare. Sofosbuvir, ledipasvir and ribavirin have now received regulatory approval and guidelines recommend their use in adolescents ages >12 years with HCV infection. Key actions to address the current policy gaps and achieve treatment scale-up comparable to that in adults include: establishment of a testing and treatment access campaign targeted at children and adolescents; fast-track evaluation of pangenotypic regimens and accelerated approval of paediatric formulations. Research gaps that need to be addressed include age-specific seroprevalence studies of HCV viraemia in priority countries; further validation of non-invasive tests in children; and establishment of paediatric treatment registries and international consortia to promote collaborative research agenda.

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“…14 HIV-HCV coinfection in children appears now to be rare as HIV vertical transmission rates have declined, worldwide. 15…”

Section: Seroprevalence and Burdenmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Preventionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hepatitis C virus infection in children and adolescents

Indolfi

Easterbrook

Dusheiko

et al. 2019

The Lancet Gastroenterology & Hepatology

151

147

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Neonatal transmission occurs in 3 to 5% of HCV RNA positive mothers in the absence of HIV co-infection. HIV co-infection together with high HCV RNA in plasma has been associated with increased risk of HCV transmission [126]. A recent report has suggested a higher risk of ICP associated with hepatitis C infection [127], and a meta-analysis suggested that maternal HCV infection is significantly associated with a higher risk of preterm births [128].…”

Section: Hepatitis Cmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pregnancy and liver disease

Westbrook

Dusheiko

Williamson

2016

Journal of Hepatology

237

335

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Pregnancy associated liver diseases affect up to 3% of pregnant women and are the most frequent cause of liver dysfunction in pregnancy. When severe, they are associated with significant morbidity and mortality for both mother and infant. A rapid evaluation to distinguish them from non-pregnancy related liver dysfunction is essential, in order to facilitate appropriate management. Liver disease unrelated to pregnancy can present de novo in pregnancy, or pregnancy can occur in women with preexisting liver pathology (Table 1). Research and subsequent advances in medical care have resulted in improved but still not satisfactory maternal and fetal outcomes. In this review we provide an overview of the liver diseases specific to the pregnant state and an update on their pathogenesis, treatment and outcomes. The risks of pregnancy in women with pre-existent liver pathology is detailed and recent advances in our understanding of specific risks and outcomes are discussed.

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“…24 However, now that the use of highly active antiretroviral therapy in pregnant women with HIV is common in developed countries, the risk of vertical transmission of HCV in coinfected women appears to be lower (4-8.5%). 25,26 In general, vertical transmission of HCV is thought to be a risk only for women with detectable HCV RNA during pregnancy. The meta-analysis by Benova et al 24 included 15 studies with a total of 473 children born to women who were HCV-antibody-positive but RNA-negative.…”

Section: What Is the Impact Of Hcv On Pregnancy Outcomes?mentioning

confidence: 99%

Hepatitis C in pregnancy: screening, treatment, and management

Hughes

Page

Kuller

2017

American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology

142

108

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In the United States, 1-2.5% of pregnant women are infected with hepatitis C virus, which carries an approximately 5% risk of transmission from mother to infant. Hepatitis C virus can be transmitted to the infant in utero or during the peripartum period, and infection during pregnancy is associated with increased risk of adverse fetal outcomes, including fetal growth restriction and low birthweight. The purpose of this document is to discuss the current evidence regarding hepatitis C virus in pregnancy and to provide recommendations on screening, treatment, and management of this disease during pregnancy. The following are Society for Maternal-Fetal Medicine recommendations: (1) We recommend that obstetric care providers screen women who are at increased risk for hepatitis C infection by testing for anti-hepatitis C virus antibodies at their first prenatal visit. If initial results are negative, hepatitis C screening should be repeated later in pregnancy in women with persistent or new risk factors for hepatitis C infection (eg, new or ongoing use of injected or intranasal illicit drugs) (GRADE 1B). (2) We recommend that obstetric care providers screen hepatitis C virus-positive pregnant women for other sexually transmitted diseases, including HIV, syphilis, gonorrhea, chlamydia, and hepatitis B virus (GRADE 1B). (3) We suggest that patients with hepatitis C virus, including pregnant women, be counseled to abstain from alcohol (Best Practice). (4) We recommend that direct-acting antiviral regimens only be used in the setting of a clinical trial or that antiviral treatment be deferred to the postpartum period as direct-acting antiviral regimens are not currently approved for use in pregnancy (GRADE 1C). (5) We suggest that if invasive prenatal diagnostic testing is requested, women be counseled that data on the risk of vertical transmission are reassuring but limited; amniocentesis is recommended over chorionic villus sampling given the lack of data on the latter (GRADE 2C). (6) We recommend against cesarean delivery solely for the indication of hepatitis C virus (GRADE 1B). (7) We recommend that obstetric care providers avoid internal fetal monitoring, prolonged rupture of membranes, and episiotomy in managing labor in hepatitis C virus-positive women (GRADE 1B). (8) We recommend that providers not discourage breast-feeding based on a positive hepatitis C virus infection status (GRADE 1A).

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Low mother-to-child-transmission rate of Hepatitis C virus in cART treated HIV-1 infected mothers

Cited by 19 publications

References 13 publications

Hepatitis C virus infection in children and adolescents

Hepatitis C virus infection in children and adolescents

Pregnancy and liver disease

Hepatitis C in pregnancy: screening, treatment, and management

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