Low Operating Voltage Carbon–Graphene Hybrid E-textile for Temperature Sensing

Rajan, Gopika; Morgan, Joseph John; Murphy, Conor; Alonso, Elías Torres; Wade, Jessica; Ott, Anna K.; Russo, Saverio; Alves, Helena; Craciun, Monica F.; Neves, Ana I. S.

doi:10.1021/acsami.0c08397

Cited by 70 publications

(45 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…The integration of intelligence in garments will enable the active sensing of biometric information, aiming at making them adaptive to the user conditions. Clear examples are continuous body temperature sensing and regulation [ 43 ], or detection of excessive sun exposure [ 44 , 45 ]. Intelligent clothes will boost the development of multiple applications in sensitive ambits, such as the baby’s heart and breathing rate monitor presented in [ 46 ], which triggers an alert in the case of detecting anomalies.…”

Section: Discussion: the Future Of Wearablesmentioning

confidence: 99%

LPWAN and Embedded Machine Learning as Enablers for the Next Generation of Wearable Devices

Sánchez-Iborra¹

2021

Sensors

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The penetration of wearable devices in our daily lives is unstoppable. Although they are very popular, so far, these elements provide a limited range of services that are mostly focused on monitoring tasks such as fitness, activity, or health tracking. Besides, given their hardware and power constraints, wearable units are dependent on a master device, e.g., a smartphone, to make decisions or send the collected data to the cloud. However, a new wave of both communication and artificial intelligence (AI)-based technologies fuels the evolution of wearables to an upper level. Concretely, they are the low-power wide-area network (LPWAN) and tiny machine-learning (TinyML) technologies. This paper reviews and discusses these solutions, and explores the major implications and challenges of this technological transformation. Finally, the results of an experimental study are presented, analyzing (i) the long-range connectivity gained by a wearable device in a university campus scenario, thanks to the integration of LPWAN communications, and (ii) how complex the intelligence embedded in this wearable unit can be. This study shows the interesting characteristics brought by these state-of-the-art paradigms, concluding that a wide variety of novel services and applications will be supported by the next generation of wearables.

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Section: Discussion: the Future Of Wearablesmentioning

confidence: 99%

LPWAN and Embedded Machine Learning as Enablers for the Next Generation of Wearable Devices

Sánchez-Iborra¹

2021

Sensors

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“…Various metal wires were tested and modelled including nickel, copper and tungsten, with the most promising among these being nickel and tungsten owing to their high availability, sensitivity and high reference resistance. Another textile temperature sensor based on graphene-coated polypropylene textile fibres was reported [40]. The unique selling points of this sensor was its low voltage requirements (1 V) and its washability.…”

Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

Review of Materials and Fabrication Methods for Flexible Nano and Micro-Scale Physical and Chemical Property Sensors

et al. 2021

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The use of flexible sensors has tripled over the last decade due to the increased demand in various fields including health monitoring, food packaging, electronic skins and soft robotics. Flexible sensors have the ability to be bent and stretched during use and can still maintain their electrical and mechanical properties. This gives them an advantage over rigid sensors that lose their sensitivity when subject to bending. Advancements in 3D printing have enabled the development of tailored flexible sensors. Various additive manufacturing methods are being used to develop these sensors including inkjet printing, aerosol jet printing, fused deposition modelling, direct ink writing, selective laser melting and others. Hydrogels have gained much attention in the literature due to their self-healing and shape transforming. Self-healing enables the sensor to recover from damages such as cracks and cuts incurred during use, and this enables the sensor to have a longer operating life and stability. Various polymers are used as substrates on which the sensing material is placed. Polymers including polydimethylsiloxane, Poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) and polyvinyl acetate are extensively used in flexible sensors. The most widely used nanomaterials in flexible sensors are carbon and silver due to their excellent electrical properties. This review gives an overview of various types of flexible sensors (including temperature, pressure and chemical sensors), paying particular attention to the application areas and the corresponding characteristics/properties of interest required for such. Current advances/trends in the field including 3D printing, novel nanomaterials and responsive polymers, and self-healable sensors and wearables will also be discussed in more detail.

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“…On the other hand, thermocouples’ sensors, despite also being cost-efficient, have worse accuracy than the previous methods. Although many sensors have been integrated in traditional wearables, further non-intrusive and more comfortable solutions for temperature sensing have already been proposed by means of stretchable and flexible patches [ 77 , 78 , 79 ] and smart textiles [ 51 , 76 , 80 , 81 ].…”

Section: Sensors: Definition and Taxonomymentioning

confidence: 99%

Sensors for Context-Aware Smart Healthcare: A Security Perspective

Batista

Moncusi

López-Aguilar³

et al. 2021

Sensors

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The advances in the miniaturisation of electronic devices and the deployment of cheaper and faster data networks have propelled environments augmented with contextual and real-time information, such as smart homes and smart cities. These context-aware environments have opened the door to numerous opportunities for providing added-value, accurate and personalised services to citizens. In particular, smart healthcare, regarded as the natural evolution of electronic health and mobile health, contributes to enhance medical services and people’s welfare, while shortening waiting times and decreasing healthcare expenditure. However, the large number, variety and complexity of devices and systems involved in smart health systems involve a number of challenging considerations to be considered, particularly from security and privacy perspectives. To this aim, this article provides a thorough technical review on the deployment of secure smart health services, ranging from the very collection of sensors data (either related to the medical conditions of individuals or to their immediate context), the transmission of these data through wireless communication networks, to the final storage and analysis of such information in the appropriate health information systems. As a result, we provide practitioners with a comprehensive overview of the existing vulnerabilities and solutions in the technical side of smart healthcare.

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Low Operating Voltage Carbon–Graphene Hybrid E-textile for Temperature Sensing

Cited by 70 publications

References 36 publications

LPWAN and Embedded Machine Learning as Enablers for the Next Generation of Wearable Devices

LPWAN and Embedded Machine Learning as Enablers for the Next Generation of Wearable Devices

Review of Materials and Fabrication Methods for Flexible Nano and Micro-Scale Physical and Chemical Property Sensors

Sensors for Context-Aware Smart Healthcare: A Security Perspective

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