Low personal exposure to benzene and 1,3-butadiene in the Swedish petroleum refinery industry

Almerud, Pernilla; Åkerström, Magnus; Andersson, Eva; Strandberg, Bo; Sällsten, Gerd

doi:10.1007/s00420-017-1234-y

Cited by 12 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…Moreover, in a study by Chan et al (2016) in the petrochemical industry, it was revealed that 1,3-butadiene exposure levels were lower than the OEL. Almerud et al (2017) have reported that exposure levels of workers with two benzene and 1,3-butadiene compounds in the Swedish refining industry are below the OEL, which is in agreement with the results of the present study. In the present study, the concentration levels of 1,3-butadiene in the safety and fire-fighting station workers were higher than other occupational units with a mean concentration of 1791.42 µg m −3 .…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Cancer and non-cancer health risk assessment of occupational exposure to 1,3-butadiene in a petrochemical plant in Iran

et al. 2020

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1,3-Butadiene is classified as carcinogenic to humans by inhalation. This study aimed to assess cancer and non-cancer risk following occupational exposure to 1,3-butadiene. This cross-sectional study was conducted in a petrochemical plant producing acrylonitrile butadiene styrene copolymer in Iran. Occupational exposure to 1,3-butadiene was measured according to the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health 1024 method. Cancer and non-cancer risk assessment were performed according to the United States Environmental Protection Agency method. The average occupational exposure to 1,3-butadiene during work shifts among all participants was 560.82 ± 811.36 µg m−3. The average lifetime cancer risk (LCR) in the present study was 2.71 × 10−3; 82.2% of all exposed workers were within the definite carcinogenic risk level. Also, the mean non-cancer risk (hazard quotient (HQ)) among all participants was 10.82 ± 14.76. The highest LCR and HQ were observed in the safety and fire-fighting station workers with values of 7.75 × 10−3 and 36.57, respectively. The findings revealed that values of carcinogenic and noncarcinogenic risk in the majority of participants were within the definitive and unacceptable risk levels. Therefore, corrective measures are necessary to protect these workers from non-cancer and cancer risks from 1,3-butadiene exposure.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Cancer and non-cancer health risk assessment of occupational exposure to 1,3-butadiene in a petrochemical plant in Iran

et al. 2020

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“…Male workers in the construction sector had more co-exposure patterns (clusters n° 1, 3, 4 and 5), but the few women employed in this sector were more likely to be exposed to medium and high levels than men (OR = 2.68 and 2.95 respectively). Co-exposures to benzene, 1,3-butadiene and PAHs (cluster n° 4) are well known among oil refinery workers, even if exposure levels are currently low [ 20 , 21 ]. However, a similar pattern of exposure can also occur in the service sector, with a share in women too as reported in a previous study [ 17 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gender differences in occupational exposure to carcinogens among Italian workers

et al. 2018

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BackgroundMany carcinogenic chemicals are still used or produced in several economic sectors. The aim of this study is to investigate differences in occupational exposure patterns to carcinogens by gender in Italy.MethodsInformation about the most common carcinogens recorded in the Italian occupational exposures database (SIREP) for the period 1996–2015 was retrieved. Descriptive statistics were calculated for exposure-related variables (carcinogenic agent, occupational group, economic activity sector, and workforce size). The chi-square(χ2) test was used to verify differences between genders, and logistic regression analysis was performed to evaluate the association between gender and risk of having higher exposure levels, after adjusting for age. Concurrent exposures to multiple carcinogens were investigated using the two-step cluster analysis.ResultsA total of 166,617 exposure measurements were selected for 40 different carcinogens. Exposed workers were only in a small proportion women (9%), and mostly aged 20–44 years (70%) in both genders. Women were more likely to be exposed than men to higher levels for several carcinogens even after correction for age at exposure, and the exposure level was significantly (p < 0.01) associated with occupation, economic sector and workforce size. The five main clusters of co-exposures identified in the entire dataset showed a differential distribution across economic sectors between genders.ConclusionsThe exposures to occupational carcinogens have distinguishing characteristics in women, that are explained in part by work and job segregation. Because of the presence of high-exposed groups of female workers in many industrial sectors, further research and prevention efforts are recommended.

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“…In occupational settings, in the past, benzene exposure was high with estimated concentrations in the range 10–100 ppm or even higher [ 6 ]. Recent studies showed that the occupational exposures to benzene in Europe decreased and are usually below 0.1 ppm, although exposures above 0.1 ppm have been reported for some tasks such as gasoline pump repair and maintenance, or for fuel-tanker drivers or work in refineries [ 7 , 8 , 9 , 10 , 11 , 12 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Epigenetic Effects of Benzene in Hematologic Neoplasms: The Altered Gene Expression

Spatari

Allegra

Carrieri

et al. 2021

Cancers

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Benzene carcinogenic ability has been reported, and chronic exposure to benzene can be one of the risk elements for solid cancers and hematological neoplasms. Benzene is acknowledged as a myelotoxin, and it is able to augment the risk for the onset of acute myeloid leukemia, myelodysplastic syndromes, aplastic anemia, and lymphomas. Possible mechanisms of benzene initiation of hematological tumors have been identified, as a genotoxic effect, an action on oxidative stress and inflammation and the provocation of immunosuppression. However, it is becoming evident that genetic alterations and the other causes are insufficient to fully justify several phenomena that influence the onset of hematologic malignancies. Acquired epigenetic alterations may participate with benzene leukemogenesis, as benzene may affect nuclear receptors, and provoke post-translational alterations at the protein level, thereby touching the function of regulatory proteins, comprising oncoproteins and tumor suppressor proteins. DNA hypomethylation correlates with stimulation of oncogenes, while the hypermethylation of CpG islands in promoter regions of specific tumor suppressor genes inhibits their transcription and stimulates the onset of tumors. The discovery of the systems of epigenetic induction of benzene-caused hematological tumors has allowed the possibility to operate with pharmacological interventions able of stopping or overturning the negative effects of benzene.

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Low personal exposure to benzene and 1,3-butadiene in the Swedish petroleum refinery industry

Cited by 12 publications

References 22 publications

Cancer and non-cancer health risk assessment of occupational exposure to 1,3-butadiene in a petrochemical plant in Iran

Cancer and non-cancer health risk assessment of occupational exposure to 1,3-butadiene in a petrochemical plant in Iran

Gender differences in occupational exposure to carcinogens among Italian workers

Epigenetic Effects of Benzene in Hematologic Neoplasms: The Altered Gene Expression

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