Low Profile Frequency Reconfigurable PIFA Antenna using Defected Ground Structure

Abstract

Abstract-In this paper, we design and implement a low profile frequency reconfigurable Planar Inverted-F Antenna (PIFA) for WLAN, m-WiMAX and UMTS applications. Different from several conventional designs, the air layer in our antenna is removed, while the radiator patches and the ground plane are printed on two sides of the same substrate. This makes the antenna structure thin and lightweight. The defected ground structure (DGS) and coplanar sorting-trips are also designed for adjusting lower operating frequencies without increasing the antenna's size. Three PIN-diodes are used in appropriate positions for accurate switches between frequency bands. Moreover, the three radiator patches' parameters are optimally selected on all configurations using Genetic Algorithm (GA). Simulation results show that depending on the ON/OFF states of the PIN-diodes, the antenna can operate in three applicable frequency bands, i.e., 2.1 GHz, 2.4 GHz, and 3.5 GHz with the corresponding peak gains of 0.48 dBi, 3.55 dBi, and 4.33 dBi. The antenna occupies an overall size of 63.5×33.5×1.6 mm 3 , which can be easily fabricated and integrated into small wireless devices. Simulated and measured results are also compared to validate the correctness of the antenna design.

A Design of Similar High-gain and Dual-band Frequency/Polarization Reconfigurable Antenna for ISM Band Applications

“…with A eff is effective area (225 × 225 mm 2 ) and E f is radiation efficiency. According to (3), G max at 1.8 GHz and 2.45 GHz are 11.45 and 28 dBi which account for 63% and 32% respectively. The low aperture efficiency in the higher band is due to the requirement of similar gain in both bands while using the same area as the lower band.…”

“…Reconfigurable antenna (RA) has attracted a lot of research attention nowadays [1,2]. By using active components such as PIN Diode, Varactor Diode, RF-MEMS, etc., the antenna can adjust its characteristics namely operating frequency [3], polarization [4], radiation pattern [5], etc. Two operating modes, ON and OFF, of PIN Diode, can be changed alternatively with fast speed and create a wide range of modifications for frequency and polarization reconfigurable antenna, which are their well-known advantages.…”

A Frequency Reconfigurable Compact Planar Inverted-F Antenna for Portable Devices

“…e proposed antenna design is implemented on an FR-4 substrate layer, and two PIN diodes were used to cover three operating modes, i.e., IFA, monopole, and loop mode. In another work [12], a frequency reconfigurable PIFA antenna using defected ground structure (DGS) was proposed [12]. ree PIN diodes were used, and their positions were optimized using genetic algorithm (GA) to obtain three different operating frequencies, namely, 2.1 GHz, 2.4 GHz, and 3.5 GHz, but it suffers from narrow bandwidth and large size.…”

An Empirical Approach to Design a Pifa Antenna

“…Many of the researches carried out parametric studies of PIFA and explained how the design parameters affect the BW and other performance characteristics [4][5][6]. Most of the studies have been used to develop new designs with enhanced BW or multiband capability [7][8][9]. Few papers presented developed mathematical models or equations that predict antenna characteristics like resonant frequency or input impedance [10,11].…”