As the artificial intelligence boom sweep across all walks of life, researchers are also intellectualizing the area of acoustics. Taking speech and medical acoustics as examples, we first analyzed the significant challenges faced by acoustic intelligence, including data scarcity, algorithm independence, computing power dependence, security, and talent shortage. We also summarized important relevant technology and discussed prospective remedies. Furthermore, we reviewed the recent major scientific advances in speech and medical acoustics, both at home and abroad, and summarized the development history of the domestic intelligent voice industries. Finally, we look forward to the directions and trends of intellectual speech and medical acoustics and provide suggestions for specific issues in these fields.