Low-sintering PZT-ceramics for advanced actuators

Direct‐Write Fabrication of Pb(Nb,Zr,Ti)O3 Devices: Influence of Paste Rheology on Print Morphology and Component Properties

“…The powder contained 6% excess lead to lower the required sintering temperature 9,25,26 and, hence, improve the cofireability of multilayer electroded packages. The as-received PNZT powders exhibited a trimodal size distribution with characteristic sizes of roughly 2-5, 20, and 45-50 m, as determined by particle size analysis (Coulter LS Particle Size Analyzer, Fullerton, CA).…”

PZT thick films for sensor and actuator applications

“…3,7,8 For preparation of the thick film paste the powder was mixed with an organic vehicle and screen printed on electroded substrates.…”

“…-Thermal expansion mismatch of the PZT thick film and the substrate material will lead to crack formation and/or delamination. Normally, sintering of PZT materials takes place at temperatures of 1100-1300 • C. Extended research has been carried out during the last 15 years to lower sintering temperature of PZT materials down to 800-950 • C. [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8] The present investigation is based on the addition of a low melting point glass and a eutectic forming oxide. Thereby sintering temperature could be reduced down to 900-950 • C.…”

Investigation of complex additives on the microstructure and properties of low-temperature sintered PZT using the Taguchi method

“…where W UA is the weight of the uncoated specimen in air, W CA the weight of the coated specimen in air, W CL the weight of the coated specimen in distilled water, ρ water the density of distilled water at 1 g/cm 3 , ρ air the density of air at 0.001225 g/cm 3 and ρ coat is the density of the lacquer at 0.908 g/cm 3 . Quantitative measurement of the fraction of porosity could be calculated from:…”

“…One way to achieve this is by adding additives or forming solid solutions. However, some results indicated that properties of the sintered ceramics could be degraded [2][3][4]. The possibility of using PZT doped with bismuth titanate (Bi 4 Ti 3 O 12 ) for a lower sintering temperature and improved properties looks promising [5][6][7].…”