Low soil temperature effects on short-term gross N mineralisation–immobilisation turnover after incorporation of a green manure

Andersen, Martin; Jensen, Lars Stoumann

doi:10.1016/s0038-0717(00)00192-9

Cited by 88 publications

(32 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…While the analysis did not control for the effects of soil temperature and moisture on gross rates, certain patterns emerged. Mineralization has been shown to increase with rising temperature (Shaw and Harte 2001), though assimilation may increase more than mineralization (Binkley et al 1994, Andersen andJensen 2001). When NH 4 ϩ is readily available, nitrification responds positively to increasing temperature for the range of temperatures typically encountered in the field (Stark 1996), but it may respond negatively to increasing temperature where NH 4 ϩ assimilation is stimulated (Binkley et al 1994).…”

Section: Nhmentioning

confidence: 99%

Controls on Nitrogen Cycling in Terrestrial Ecosystems: A Synthetic Analysis of Literature Data

Booth

Stark

Rastetter

2005

Ecological Monographs

928

105

729

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Abstract. Isotope pool dilution studies are increasingly reported in the soils and ecology literature as a means of measuring gross rates of nitrogen (N) mineralization, nitrification, and inorganic N assimilation in soils. We assembled data on soil characteristics and gross rates from 100 studies conducted in forest, shrubland, grassland, and agricultural systems to answer the following questions: What factors appear to be the major drivers for production and consumption of inorganic N as measured by isotope dilution studies? Do rates or the relationships between drivers and rates differ among ecosystem types? Across a wide range of ecosystems, gross N mineralization is positively correlated with microbial biomass and soil C and N concentrations, while soil C:N ratio exerts a negative effect on N mineralization only after adjusting for differences in soil C. Nitrification is a log-linear function of N mineralization, increasing rapidly at low mineralization rates but changing only slightly at high mineralization rates. In contrast, NH 4 ϩ assimilation by soil microbes increases nearly linearly over the full range of mineralization rates. As a result, nitrification is proportionately more important as a fate for NH 4 ϩ at low mineralization rates than at high mineralization rates. Gross nitrification rates show no relationship to soil pH, with some of the fastest nitrification rates occurring below pH 5 in soils with high N mineralization rates. Differences in soil organic matter (SOM) composition and concentration among ecosystem types influence the production and fate of mineralized N. Soil organic matter from grasslands appears to be inherently more productive of ammonium than SOM from wooded sites, and SOM from deciduous forests is more so than SOM in coniferous forests, but differences appear to result primarily from differing C:N ratios of organic matter. Because of the central importance of SOM characteristics and concentrations in regulating rates, soil organic matter depletion in agricultural systems appears to be an important determinant of gross process rates and the proportion of NH 4 ϩ that is nitrified. Addition of 15 N appears to stimulate NH 4 ϩ consumption more than NO 3 Ϫ consumption processes; however, the magnitude of the stimulation may provide useful information regarding the factors limiting microbial N transformations.

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Section: Nhmentioning

confidence: 99%

Controls on Nitrogen Cycling in Terrestrial Ecosystems: A Synthetic Analysis of Literature Data

Booth

Stark

Rastetter

2005

Ecological Monographs

928

105

729

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“…Nitrification rates are typically slow in dry soils (55), and soils in the GYE remain dry during much of the growing season. Mineralization also has been shown to increase with rising temperatures (56), which typify recently burned forests, but assimilation may increase more than mineralization (57,58). Thus, the elevated postfire soil temperatures may enhance ammonium immobilization, thereby reducing nitrification.…”

Section: Figmentioning

confidence: 99%

Inorganic nitrogen availability after severe stand-replacing fire in the Greater Yellowstone ecosystem

Turner

Smithwick

Metzger

et al. 2007

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

147

109

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Understanding ecosystem processes as they relate to wildfire and vegetation dynamics is of growing importance as fire frequency and extent increase throughout the western United States. However, the effects of severe, stand-replacing wildfires are poorly understood. We studied inorganic nitrogen pools and mineralization rates after stand-replacing wildfires in the Greater Yellow- Laboratory incubations using 15 N isotope pool dilution revealed that gross production of ammonium was reduced and ammonium consumption greatly exceeded gross production during the initial postfire years. Our results suggest a microbial nitrogen sink for several years after severe, stand-replacing fire, confirming earlier hypotheses about postdisturbance succession and nutrient cycling in cold, fire-dominated coniferous forests. Postfire forests in Yellowstone seem to be highly conservative for nitrogen, and microbial immobilization of ammonium plays a key role during early succession.nitrification ͉ nitrogen mineralization ͉ Rocky Mountains ͉ Pinus contorta ͉ lodgepole pine

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“…However, we did not observe this, perhaps because low soil temperature (Fig. 1a) restricted microbial immobilization (Andersen and Jensen 2001). Thus, manure NH 4 -N persisted in the soil for a long period (Table 3).…”

Section: Unaccounted Manure N Lossesmentioning

confidence: 60%

Transformations and losses of swine manure ¹⁵N as affected by application timing at two contrasting sites

Jayasundara¹,

Wagner-Riddle²,

Parkin³

et al. 2010

Can. J. Soil. Sci.

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. 2010. Transformations and losses of swine manure 15 N as affected by application timing at two contrasting sites. Can. J. Soil Sci. 90: 55Á73. An improved understanding of the fate of manure N is necessary for developing efficient manure management plans that ensure adequate crop nutrition and minimum environmental problems. This study quantified the fate of 15 N-labelled liquid swine manure applied at three different times (late-fall, spring pre-plant and side-dress) on two soil types (a well-drained fine sandy loam and an imperfectly drained silt loam). Manure N uptake by corn (Zea mays L.) was significantly lower with fall application than with two spring applications (14Á18% vs. 30Á38% of applied N) in both soil types. Manure application increased total N leaching (30Á43 vs. 27 kg N ha(1 yr (1 in the control), especially with fall application. Manure N contributed 18Á25% of the total N leached in the fine sandy loam and 8Á10% of the total N leached in the silt loam. Application timing did not affect manure N leaching in the silt loam, which ranged between 3 and 5% of applied N. In the fine sandy loam, fall application resulted in significantly higher manure N leaching (15% of applied N) than with two spring applications (8Á10% of applied N). Unaccounted losses, assumed to be in gaseous forms, over 6 mo following fall application were higher in the silt loam than in the fine sandy loam (29% vs. 16% of applied N). Estimated NH 3 losses were low (B7% of applied N); hence, denitrification is suggested to be the main mechanism for gaseous N losses. The estimated ratio of denitrification to leaching manure N loss for fall application was about 7:1 in the silt loam and 2:1 in the sandy loam. To maximize manure N use by corn and minimize environmental N losses, spring or side-dress application of liquid swine manure is recommended, particularly in well-drained soils. 15 N applique´a`trois moments (fin de l'automne, avant la plantation au printemps et apre`s les semis par e´pandage en bandes late´rales) sur deux types de sol (un fin loam sablonneux bien draine´et un loam limoneux mal draine´). Le maı¨s (Zea mays L.) absorbe sensiblement moins de N du fumier quand on e´pand celui-ci a`l'automne, plutoˆt qu'au printemps (14 a`18 % c. 30 a`38 % du N applique´), peu importe le sol. Le fumier accentue la lixiviation totale du N (30 a`43 kg de N par hectare par anne´e c. 27 kg pour la parcelle te´moin), surtout quand l'e´pandage a lieu a`l'automne. Le N du fumier explique de 18 a`25 % de la quantite´totale de N perdue par lixiviation dans le fin loam sablonneux et 8 a`10 % dans le loam limoneux. Le moment de l'application n'a aucune incidence sur la lixiviation du N dans le loam limoneux, qui varie entre 3 et 5 % de la quantite´applique´e. Dans le fin loam sablonneux, l'e´pandage automnal augmente sensiblement plus la lixiviation (15 % des applications de N) que l'e´pandage printanier (8 a`10 % des applications de N). Les pertes non quantifie´es au cours des six mois suivant l'e´pandage automnal, qu'on suppose gazeuses, ...

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Low soil temperature effects on short-term gross N mineralisation–immobilisation turnover after incorporation of a green manure

Cited by 88 publications

References 28 publications

Controls on Nitrogen Cycling in Terrestrial Ecosystems: A Synthetic Analysis of Literature Data

Controls on Nitrogen Cycling in Terrestrial Ecosystems: A Synthetic Analysis of Literature Data

Inorganic nitrogen availability after severe stand-replacing fire in the Greater Yellowstone ecosystem

Transformations and losses of swine manure ¹⁵N as affected by application timing at two contrasting sites

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Low soil temperature effects on short-term gross N mineralisation–immobilisation turnover after incorporation of a green manure

Cited by 88 publications

References 28 publications

Controls on Nitrogen Cycling in Terrestrial Ecosystems: A Synthetic Analysis of Literature Data

Controls on Nitrogen Cycling in Terrestrial Ecosystems: A Synthetic Analysis of Literature Data

Inorganic nitrogen availability after severe stand-replacing fire in the Greater Yellowstone ecosystem

Transformations and losses of swine manure 15N as affected by application timing at two contrasting sites

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Transformations and losses of swine manure ¹⁵N as affected by application timing at two contrasting sites