Low-Temperature Bleaching of Cotton Cellulose using an Ultrasound-assisted Tetraacetylethylenediamine/ Hydrogen Peroxide/Triethanolamine System

Abstract

This work investigated the efficiency of a tetraacetylethylenediamine/ hydrogen peroxide/triethanolamine (TAED/H2O2/TEA) system for lowtemperature bleaching of cotton fabric, with and without ultrasonic assistance. The low-temperature bleaching results were compared to those obtained from a conventional H2O2 bleaching system. The application of TAED/H2O2/TEA without ultrasonic assistance to grey cotton fabric with a whiteness index (WI) of 28 and tenacity of 40 CN/Tex resulted in full bleaching of the cotton fabric at 70 °C within 60 min. This low-temperature bleaching system produced a bleached cotton fabric with a WI of 69 and tenacity of 38 CN/Tex, while the conventional H2O2 bleaching system gave a bleached cotton fabric WI of 73 and tenacity of 32 CN/Tex. The application of ultrasound to a low-temperature bleaching system showed a reduction in the duration required for full bleaching to 30 min rather than 60 min and gave bleached fabrics of the same physiochemical properties.

Impact of Peracetic Acid on the Dynamic Cyclic Fatigue of Heat-Treated Nickel-Titanium Rotary Endodontic Instrument

“…The cross-sectional and lateral views of the fractured files were examined under a scanning electron microscope (Carl Zeiss Ltd, 40 VP, Smart SEM, Cambridge, UK) at various magnifications (×200 to ×5,000) to observe the fracture behaviors. The fatigue signs were manifested in four areas: [ 1 ] crack initiation, where microcracks form and start to grow; [ 2 ] crack propagation, where the crack continuously grows; [ 3 ] overstressed area or overload zone (a typical dimple rupture or ductile failure) [ 4 , 37 , 38 ] and signs of edge wear with rounding of cross-sectional outline and loss of sharpness of the cutting edges.…”

“…Peracetic acid (PAA) or peroxyacetic acid is a mixture of hydrogen peroxide and acetic acid in an aqueous solution. It is a well-known oxidative and bleaching agent, commonly used as a disinfectant and sanitizer for contaminated surfaces, processing of plants, and equipment [ 1 , 2 ]. It possesses a broad spectrum of activity against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, fungi, yeasts, and viruses.…”

Chitosan Based Regenerated Cellulose Fibers Functionalized with Plasma and Ultrasound

“…With this technique, the bulk characteristics stay unaffected, even for very sensitive and fragile materials [22][23][24][25]. With ultrasound treatment, chemical and physical processes could be conducted, mainly due to the ultrasonic cavitation effect in a liquid medium [26][27][28]. The breakage of chemical bonds, and the improvement of their accessibility and reactivity are one of the biggest impacts on the material's molecular structure [28,29].…”

“…With ultrasound treatment, chemical and physical processes could be conducted, mainly due to the ultrasonic cavitation effect in a liquid medium [26][27][28]. The breakage of chemical bonds, and the improvement of their accessibility and reactivity are one of the biggest impacts on the material's molecular structure [28,29]. It is an environmentally friendly process and efficient in many surface treatments [27][28][29][30].…”

“…The breakage of chemical bonds, and the improvement of their accessibility and reactivity are one of the biggest impacts on the material's molecular structure [28,29]. It is an environmentally friendly process and efficient in many surface treatments [27][28][29][30].…”