Low-temperature conversion of low-grade organic raw, part 2 (economic aspects)

Abstract

Abstract. Algorithm for estimating the efficiency of investment in innovative energy technologies has been used as a method of research. Two scripts of the project development (optimistic and pessimistic) were considered. Cost-effectiveness of replacing diesel power plants on the conversion units was determined. Method of researchAlgorithm from work [1], devoted to the creation of evaluation tools of the efficiency of investment in innovative energy technologies [2][3][4] and based on a comprehensive assessment of energy consumption, energy resources, new technology and the environment is selected as a method of analysis of the efficiency of introduction of innovative energy technologies based on the units of intracyclic conversion (the individual heat supply unit, individual heat and power supply unit and unit of solid fuels gasification -gasifier).Primarily fuel requirement is determined and capabilities of the extraction of energy resources are analyzed for evaluate of energy consumption and energy resources of the distant settlements. Previous technical and economic evaluation, which implies evaluation of the environmental situation in the region and the forecast of technical and economic parameters of local energy resources, is made for this analysis. Inexpediency of the investment of selected energy technologies is concluded in the case of negative results of technical and economic evaluation. Script of the assimilation of innovative energy technologies is formed in the case of positive results. Then, decrease or increase of harmful emissions by using new technologies is concluded based on the evaluation of environmental situation. In case of exceeding of the previous parameters on harmful emissions is made conclusion about undesirability of use these technologies and their introduction is deflected. The evaluation of the overall efficiency and scales of replicating these technologies is made with reducing emissions and on the basis of formed scripts assimilation of innovative energy technologies. Technologies are considered inefficient in the case of negative results of this evaluation. Analysis of commercial and budgetary efficiency, prevented environmental damage is made in the case of positive results. Evaluation of commercial efficiency is included the identification of the risks of assimilation new technologies, the sensitivity analysis, the definition of the borders of break-even, the definition of the expected integral effect to assimilation of technology in borders of break-even. Decision about expediency of the project is adopted in the case of positive integral effect. Evaluation of commercial efficiency including possible third-party investors is made in the case of negative integral effect. The project is considered inexpedient if the expected integral effect remains negative even taking into account investors.

Composite Solid Fuel: Research of Formation Parameters

“…Methods for the determination of mechanical strength" shows in figure 1: the highest mechanical compressive strength (P max ) was observed in solid composite fuel with dextrin content 5-10 %, the continued increase of dextrin share resulted to decrease of strength characteristics. From practical and economical point of view [11] for SCF production is expedient to use a binder with minimal dextrin concentration, because a binder with 5 % its content has been used in further.…”

Small Distributed Energy Russia: Combined Heat and Power Generation

“…There is an opinion that a hydrogen production by conversion of natural gas is the most expedient in terms of hydrogen production on the industrial scales [7][8][9]. At the same time is believed that perspective direction is hydrogen generation from biomass and solid fuel with its subsequent use in fuel elements [9].…”

Low-temperature catalytic conversion of carbonaceous materials

“…The technologies of the steam thermal conversion of carbonaceous materials in admixture with catalytic additives in the temperature range up to 500°C were tested in order to involve of low-grade fuels for use in small power energy and autonomous power plants [2][3][4][5][6]. The basis of this technology is the steam oxidation of carbon component with producing of high-calorific gas mixture containing hydrogen, methane and carbon monoxide.…”