“…[35][36][37][38][39][40] Although noble metal-based catalysts have been shown to be effective in these reactions, the high cost hinders their widespread application, so that there is considerable current efforts devoted to explore efficient alternatives based on non-noble metals. 37,[41][42][43] For example, bimetallic Ni-Fe, Cu-Co, Ni-Co nanoparticles were reported to be active catalysts for these reactions. 37,41,42,44,45 Nevertheless, the use of colloidal nanoparticles will raise problems of handling, stability and separation.…”