Abstract:The infrared spectra of polycrystalline LiBH, and LiBD, have been recorded in the region 4000-50 cm-' at 80 OK. Raman spectra of polycrystalline samples were also recorded at this temperature. The spectra of the BH4-and BD,-lattice vibrations are consistent with symmetrically equivalent borohydride ions which lie on either general positions, two-fold axes or mirror-planes. Six lattice vibrations of translatory origin appear in the infrared spectrum of LiBH, and a mode of libratory origin is inferred from an ab… Show more
“…Although this region of the spectrum was studied the expected first order absorptions did not appear. This is analogous to the case for both the NH: ions (9, 11) and BH; ions (6,12) where the expected librational frequencies appear only in the second and third order spectra.…”
The infrared absorption of single crystals of anhydrous strontium formate has been measured in the region 4000 to 500 cm−1. The internal fundamentals of two sets of crystallographically non-equivalent types of formate ions are identified. Frequencies of external fundamentals are tentatively inferred from absorption bands appearing in the second order spectrum. Measurement of laser excited Raman spectra in the region 700–10 cm−1 has yielded assignments for all of the expected translational modes. None of the librational modes were observed.
“…Although this region of the spectrum was studied the expected first order absorptions did not appear. This is analogous to the case for both the NH: ions (9, 11) and BH; ions (6,12) where the expected librational frequencies appear only in the second and third order spectra.…”
The infrared absorption of single crystals of anhydrous strontium formate has been measured in the region 4000 to 500 cm−1. The internal fundamentals of two sets of crystallographically non-equivalent types of formate ions are identified. Frequencies of external fundamentals are tentatively inferred from absorption bands appearing in the second order spectrum. Measurement of laser excited Raman spectra in the region 700–10 cm−1 has yielded assignments for all of the expected translational modes. None of the librational modes were observed.
“…In this work, we present new Raman data as a function of temperature in conjunction with synchrotron diffraction data. These vibrational data are discussed in conjunction with previous vibrational studies on LiBH 4 [8][9][10][11], and correlated with structural response to temperature together with the phase diagram suggested before on the basis of symmetry analysis [7].…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 55%
“…Figure 3 presents the Raman spectra in the bending mode region of LiBH 4 . In their early work, Harvey and McQuaker [8] assigned the weak band at ca 1254 cm À1 to the second overtone of a librational band. However, the theoretical vibrational frequencies [11,12] indicate clearly that this band is the third component of the symmetry-split 4 deformation mode.…”
Section: Methodsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…The phonon modes in LiBH 4 and LiBD 4 have been studied before [8][9][10][11]. However, besides the very recent work by Racu et al [11], a detailed temperature evolution of Raman lines is still not documented.…”
New in situ Raman and synchrotron X-ray diffraction data (between 300 and 400 K) in conjunction with separate temperature-dependent Raman data (between 7 and 400 K) are presented. The low-frequency Raman spectra show good agreement with theoretical values obtained previously using periodic DFT calculations. The temperature-dependent spectra reveal the presence of significant anharmonicity of librational modes neither predicted theoretically nor noted in previous experiments. The splitting of the internal deformation mode 2 (of E symmetry in the free ion) decreases continuously with increasing temperature, but drops abruptly at the first-order orthorhombic to hexagonal phase transition observed at 381 K. The temperature dependence of the linewidth of the internal deformation mode 2 reveals coupling to reorientational motions of the borohydride ion in the orthorhombic phase. The thermal evolution of both crystal structure and vibration frequencies agree with the phase diagram suggested by the Landau theory.
A systematic investigation of phase transitions in unmilled and milled LiBH 4 has been performed by Pressurized Differential Scanning Calorimetry (PDSC). It was found that a large exotherm is present below the low temperature (LT) → high temperature (HT) phase transition. This exotherm is not caused by air contamination but seems to originate from hydrogen release from a solid solution in the matrix of LiBH 4 low temperature phase. The exotherm activation energy has been measured to be 100 kJ mol -1 . Calorimetric measurements under argon and hydrogen have shown that for the milled sample, the endothermic peak of the LT → HT transition is split in two when the PDSC scan is performed under hydrogen atmosphere. Synchrotron X-ray powder diffraction on the milled LiBH 4 sample revealed only a single-step transition from the LT to HT phase, both under vacuum and under 2 and 40 bar of hydrogen pressure. The axial ratios for the LT LiBH 4 below 300 K are significantly altered by milling; they are also considerably different under 40 bar of hydrogen, indicating an interaction between the hydrogen gas and the LT LiBH 4 solid phase.
OPEN ACCESSCrystals 2012, 2 2
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