Low temperature regulation of antifreeze glycopeptide levels in Atlantic cod (<i>Gadus morhua</i>)

Fletcher, George P.; King, M. J.; Kao, Ming H.

doi:10.1139/z87-037

Cited by 46 publications

(36 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…Avoidance of sub-zero temperatures on St. Pierre Bank by mature cod may be related to their ability to produce plasma antifreeze glycoproteins (to prevent freezing of tissue fluids; Fletcher et al 1987) and the potential physiological costs of doing so. Exposure to temperatures less than 0°C is required before adult March 7-8 -l < x 2 0 6 < x 5 7…”

Section: Effects Of Water Temperature On Spawning Datementioning

confidence: 99%

“…March 12-13 1 6 2 x S 7 cod will produce antifreeze glycoproteins (Fletcher et al 1987). Given that it may take up to 2 mo for plasma ionic concentrations to attain a new equilibrium (Fletcher 1981, Fletcher et al 1987, the physiological costs of migration lnto sub-zero temperature water may be prohibitive.…”

Section: Effects Of Water Temperature On Spawning Datementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Given that it may take up to 2 mo for plasma ionic concentrations to attain a new equilibrium (Fletcher 1981, Fletcher et al 1987, the physiological costs of migration lnto sub-zero temperature water may be prohibitive. The limited ability of adult cod to prevent freezing at temperatures less than -1.2"C (Goddard et al 1992) should also favour avoidance of the extremely low temperatures that dominate St. Pierre Bank in some years ( e .…”

Section: Effects Of Water Temperature On Spawning Datementioning

confidence: 99%

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Timing of cod reproduction: interannual variability and the influence of temperature

Hutchings¹,

Myers²

1994

Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser.

105

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We examined interannual variability in the timing of spawning of female cod Gadus rnorhua from 1947 to 1992 in 3 regions off Newfoundland, Canada, in the northwest Atlantic. Maturity data, assessed by visual examination of dissected gonads of cod collected by research trawls, were analysed with probit regressions to identify the day of each year on which 50% of females had ceased spawnlng (which we refer to as spawning time) on northern [Northwest Atlantic Fisheries Organisation (NAFO) Division 3L] and southern (3NO) Grand Bank and on St. Pierre Bank (3Ps). We minimized the bias in our estimates by separating sampling variability and interannual variation in age structure from true interannual variability in reproduction. Among regions, average spawning time (mean -t SD) varied from Days 157 + 18 (June 6 ) and 139 * 16 (May 19) on northern and southern Grand Bank, respectively, to Day 135 2 24 (May 15) on St. Pierre Bank. Interannual differences in spawning time were significant within 3L (1948-1991), 3 N 0 (1947-1992), and 3Ps (likelihood ratlo tests; p < 0.001). Interannual variation in spawning time was significantly associated wlth variation in water temperature prior to spawning in 3L and in 3Ps although the signs of the associations differed between regions, casting doubt on the hypothesis that the timing of cod reproduction represents an adaptive response to temperature change. The negative correlation between temperature and spawning time in 3L can be explained by the positive influence of temperature on gonad development. In 3Ps, we attribute the early spawning dates in years characterized by cold bank temperatures to (1) a thermal barrier Imposed by sub-zero temperatures on spawning migrations from the continental slope to the shelf, and to (2) increased rates of gonad development, and an earlier readiness to spawn, experienced by cod 'forced' to prolong their residence in warm slope waters. Our analyses indicate that cod spawning time varies significantly among years, demonstrate how the effects of temperature on cod reproduction depend on regional hydrography, and underscore the importance of separating variation in sampling protocol and age structure from true interannual variability in spawning time.

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Section: Effects Of Water Temperature On Spawning Datementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Effects Of Water Temperature On Spawning Datementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Effects Of Water Temperature On Spawning Datementioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Timing of cod reproduction: interannual variability and the influence of temperature

Hutchings¹,

Myers²

1994

Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser.

105

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show abstract

“…In autumn, cod may return offshore to avoid what will ultimately be near freezing waters in their summer habitat. While cod can produce plasma antifreeze glycopeptides (Hew et al, 1981;Fletcher et al, 1987), adult cod do not have the capacity to survive water temperatures below about 1.2 C (Kao and Fletcher, 1988).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Timing of Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua L.) seasonal migrations in the southern Gulf of St Lawrence: interannual variability and proximate control

Comeau

Campana

Chouinard

2002

ICES Journal of Marine Science

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The objective of this study was to identify likely proximate cues to the seasonal migrations of cod, Gadus morhua L., in the southern Gulf of St Lawrence. We computed a migration timing index across several years using commercial fishery and sentinel survey (1995)(1996)(1997)(1998)(1999) catch rate data, and closely monitored the seasonal changes in temperature, dissolved oxygen, food intake, and energy stores between 1995 and 1998. The inter-year variability in the timing of the seasonal migrations was relatively low (s.d.=8 d for spring migration, 10 d for autumn migration), suggesting that photoperiod was involved in the control mechanism of migration. However, other factors were also implicated in the control mechanism, given that cod initiated the autumn migration progressively earlier in the late 1980s and 1990s. At the onset of the autumn migration, dissolved oxygen concentrations were above levels known to induce avoidance behaviour in this species, and food resources were considered to be relatively abundant. Similarly, cod did not initiate the autumn migration at a specific temperature or following a particular temperature regime experienced during summer. However, cross correlation function analysis indicated that a widespread cooling of near bottom waters preceded the mid-1980s shift in migration timing by one to two years, suggesting that the cooling event was linked in some way to the change in migration dates. Other correlations showed that the earlier migrations coincided with older cod becoming more abundant and smaller in size, and also with their principal fish prey (herring and capelin) increasing in number. These results suggest that older cod played a key role in launching the early autumn migrations. One plausible interpretation is that their decline in body size and lipid-rich diets led to a rapid build up of energy reserves over summer grounds, and thus to an earlier readiness to engage in the autumn migration. We discuss the potential impact of earlier departures on stock productivity.

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“…For example, in the Atlantic Ocean, Atlantic cod generally migrate offshore in winter to avoid freezing temperatures. However, some populations are able to remain inshore in sub-zero waters because they have developed glycoprotein antifreeze (Fletcher et al, 1987;Goddard et al, 1999;Ruzzante et al, 1996).…”

Section: Advection Of Heatmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Barents and Chukchi Seas: Comparison of two Arctic shelf ecosystems

Hunt

Blanchard

Boveng

et al. 2013

Journal of Marine Systems

142

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Low temperature regulation of antifreeze glycopeptide levels in Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua)

Cited by 46 publications

References 25 publications

Timing of cod reproduction: interannual variability and the influence of temperature

Timing of cod reproduction: interannual variability and the influence of temperature

Timing of Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua L.) seasonal migrations in the southern Gulf of St Lawrence: interannual variability and proximate control

The Barents and Chukchi Seas: Comparison of two Arctic shelf ecosystems

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