Low‐Temperature Sintering and Piezoelectric Properties of 0.6Pb(Zr_0.47Ti_0.53)O₃·0.4Pb(Zn_1/3Nb_2/3)O₃ Ceramics

Abstract

The sintering behavior and piezoelectric properties of the lead zirconate titanate (Pb(ZrTi)O3, PZT)–lead zinc niobate (Pb(Zn1/3Nb2/3)O3, PZN) system were investigated. The sintering temperature required for full densification of the PZT‐PZN system was significantly lowered when the proportion of PZN was increased. The density of the specimen composed of 60% PZT and 40% PZN (0.6PZT‐0.4PZN, Pb((Zr0.47Ti0.53)0.6–(Zn1/3Nb2/3)0.4)O3) sintered at 880°C for 4 h was 8.15 g/cm3, which was >97% of the theoretical value. This improved densification behavior was attributed to the combined effects of the high sinterability of PZN and the stability of the PZT pcrovskite structure. The piezoelectric and dielectric properties of the 0.6PZT‐0.4PZN specimen sintered at 880°C were comparable with those of a specimen with the same composition sintered at 1200°C for 2 h. The piezoelectric coefficient (d33) and the electromechanical coupling factor (kp) of the 0.6PZT‐0.4PZN specimen sintered at 880°C were 460 pC/N and 0.6, respectively.

Effect of drying temperature on structure, phase transformation of sol–gel-derived lead zirconate titanate powders

“…ones. Peaks D and E are assigned as the formation of the pyrochlore and perovskite phase [17][18][19][20][21][22][23]. dried gels (5%) is also less than the L.T.…”

Low-temperature sintering of MnO2-doped PZT–PZN Piezoelectric ceramics

“…Previously, we developed a new approach to the sintering of PZT-based ceramics at temperatures as low as 900°C, by adding lead zinc niobate (PZN) relaxor material [7,8]. The resultant low-temperature sintered PZT-PZN ceramics exhibited excellent piezoelectric properties, with the parameters: d 33 =500 pC/N, k p =0.68, and S 33 =0.38% at 2 kV/mm.…”

Multilayer bender-type PZT-PZN actuator by co-extrusion process

“…The PZN-PZT showed good electromechanical properties even when sintered at low-temperature (<900 • C). 11,12 The electromechanical properties of the PZN-PZT were as follows; piezoelectric coefficient, d 33 = 510 pC/N, d 31 = −230 pC/N, electromechanical coefficient, k p = 0.65, and relative dielectric constant, K T = 1700. The electrical conductivities of the PZN-PZT and Ag mixtures were higher than 10 6 / m, which indicates good conductivity without any co-firing problems with the PZN-PZT ceramics.…”

“…[11][12][13][14] The actuator, which was co-fired at 900 • C, exhibited a good piezoelectric performance without any long-term reliability or interfacial stability problems, working under a commercially reasonable voltage. The development of a PZN-PZT piezoelectric material that can be sintered to full theoretical density at temperatures as low as 860 • C has made the co-firing process possible.…”