Low-Temperature Stress Corrosion Cracking of Austenitic and Duplex Stainless Steels Under Chloride Deposits

Time-dependent in situ measurement of atmospheric corrosion rates of duplex stainless steel wires

“…33,35,36,41,42,46,47 Similar observations of selective attack on the ferrite phase have also been reported on lean DSS 2101 and 2202. 2,48,49 In lean DSS 2202, the measured corrosion depthto-area ratio was low, indicating a strong tendency for repassivation of active corrosion sites. However, both the corroded area and volume for the lean 2202 wire were larger than for all the 2205 wires indicating lower corrosion resistance.…”

“…50 Under atmospheric exposure with MgCl 2 close to the deliquescence humidity at 50°C, chloride concentrations of 12-15 M exist, which was far above the chloride threshold level for local breakdown of stainless steels surface. 1,2,51 Grade 2205 DSS is more resistant than 2202 DSS and, hence, the critical chloride concentration for passivity breakdown will be higher. However, when local breakdown of the passive layer of 2205 DSS occurs, the dissolution kinetics are higher since the anodic current is concentrated into a smaller area (large cathodeto-anode ratio), which will drive the metal to dissolve favourably in depth.…”

“…[1][2][3][4][5][6] The UK's intermediate-level radioactive nuclear waste (ILW) is currently stored in grade AISI 316L/304L austenitic stainless steel containers in above-ground storage facilities, until a deep-underground geological disposal facility becomes available. 5 Grade 2205 DSS has been proposed as a replacement option for both austenitic grades due to its improved corrosion and stress corrosion cracking (SCC) performance, and nowadays leaner alloyed duplex grades, such as 2101 or 2202, are also being considered.…”

“…[1][2][3][23][24][25][26][27] Most of the chosen chloride deposition densities were 1000's of μg to 100's of mg per cm², being too aggressive to reflect real exposure conditions for ILW containers in storage facilities maintained through the use of a filtered ventilation system. Therefore, a more systematic investigation in environments with low-chloride deposition densities is needed to assess the long-term structural integrity without the overestimation of unlikely events of chloride contamination.…”

Atmospheric-Induced Stress Corrosion Cracking of Grade 2205 Duplex Stainless Steel—Effects of 475 °C Embrittlement and Process Orientation

“…Corrosion properties and associated atmospheric chloride-induced stress corrosion cracking (SCC) performance of 475 °C embrittled microstructures, however, have not been studied in detail, and the understanding of their SCC propensity is lacking. So far, most research to better understand SCC was carried out in extremely aggressive environments [21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31], often at temperatures in excess of 100 °C [23,29,30,32,33]. The low-temperature SCC performance (<100 °C), in particular under atmospheric exposure conditions, has not been elucidated, but is certainly important for engineering applications.…”