Low-temperature synthesis of nanosized disordered carbon spheres as an anode material for lithium ion batteries

Yi, Zonghui; Liang, Yanxiang; Lei, Xuefeng; Wang, Chi-Wei; Sun, Jutang

doi:10.1016/j.matlet.2007.01.054

Cited by 71 publications

(42 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…In addition, the coulomb efficiency was above 98 percent during cycling, which indicates that the surface structure of the carbon was stable. 8) Notably, comparing with capacity after the 10th cycle, we found that C-0.05Fe powders modified with low concentration had a better cyclability than the other carbons. But the cycle life of the C-0.25Fe powders (high concentration) was lower than that of the C powders.…”

Section: Cyclical Characteristicsmentioning

confidence: 79%

“…It is clear that lithium ions inserted into the powders, resulting in a reduction of oxygen, and the irreversibility was not improved obviously (only reduced 11%). [8][9][10] Figure 5 shows the first charge-discharge curves of the carbon. The discharge (intercalation) curve of the C powder has three zones of 1:5 V$0:75 V, 0:75 V$0:25 V and 0:25 V$0:01 V. For the 0.75 V zone, there is a turning point revealing that SEI layers were produced through the reaction between carbon materials and the electrolyte.…”

Section: )mentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Charge-Discharge Characteristics of Woody Carbon Modified with Fe3O4 Nano Phase Using the Hydrothermal Method

et al. 2010

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Carbon materials decomposed by low temperature have a higher surface area and contain micro-holes and thus have a larger lithium storage space. In this study, the natural bamboo carbon powders were used as the experimental materials to process the hydrothermal method with the post-treatment. The results show that Fe 3 O 4 thin films are formed on the surface of carbon particles. After charge-discharge testing, it was found that the powders not only increased the capacity, but also improved the irreversibility. With increasing the concentration (0:05$0:25 M), the coating particles became coarse and the thickness of Fe 3 O 4 nano thin films increased. Notably, the C-0.05Fe powder had a better charge-discharge cyclability.

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Section: Cyclical Characteristicsmentioning

confidence: 79%

Section: )mentioning

confidence: 99%

The Charge-Discharge Characteristics of Woody Carbon Modified with Fe3O4 Nano Phase Using the Hydrothermal Method

et al. 2010

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“…For comparison, when nanosized carbon particles were cycled at a constant current of 100 mA/g, the discharge capacity after the 100th cycle was 290 mA h g À1 . 9 Consequently, the introduction of the mesoporous structure is effective to improve the cycle durability. Figure 1b shows the TEM image of the mesoporous Sn anode after the 100th cycle and its selected-ED pattern.…”

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confidence: 99%

Cycle and Rate Properties of Mesoporous Tin Anode for Lithium Ion Secondary Batteries

Nara¹,

Fukuhara²,

Takai³

et al. 2007

Chemistry Letters

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A mesoporous Sn anode was electrodeposited in the presence of lyotropic liquid crystals made of nonionic surfactants. The introduction of mesoporous structure was effective for the accommodation of volume change of Sn during charge and discharge cycling of Li ions. The discharge capacity of the mesoporous Sn anode at 1 C rate was as high as 425 mA h g À1 at the 100th cycle, and that was as high as 320 mA h g À1 at the 100th cycle even though at 5 C rate.There is a strong incentive to develop and characterize noncarbonaceous materials for use as anodes for lithium ion secondary batteries that deliver higher capacities than carbon. A Sn anode has been reported to have higher theoretical capacity (994 mA h g À1 ) than that of carbon (372 mA h g À1 ).1 However, the Sn anode has a problem that its cycle life is unsatisfactory because of Sn disintegration due to the volume change during the charge and discharge cycling of Li ions. To solve this problem, Sn-based alloys with inactive elements against lithium such as Ni 2 have been investigated. Recently, an amorphous ternary Sn-Co-C anode has been introduced to a practical use. 3Many mesoporous materials with specific structural features (e.g., uniform mesopore size and high surface area) have extensively been investigated. In particular, mesoporous metals with high electroconductivity are very promising for various electrochemical applications. Since the first report by Attard et al.,4 several mesoporous metals including Sn 5 have been prepared by the reduction of the corresponding metal ions in the presence of lyotropic liquid crystals (LLC) made of nonionic surfactants. 6 The mesoporous metals have been mainly prepared by electrodeposition for the reduction of metal ions to form thin films on conductive substrates.In the present study, we prepared mesoporous Sn from LLC and investigated its cycle and rate properties as an anode for lithium ion secondary batteries. The mesoporous structure should suppress the influence of the volume change during the charge and discharge cycling of Li ions, leading to a longer life. Also, the mesoporous structure with high surface area can provide a low diffusion resistance of Li ions into the electrode, which should contribute to an increase of the reaction rate.Mesoporous Sn was prepared on a copper foil by electrodeposition. LLC including Sn ions was prepared by mixing 0.300 g of nonionic surfactant, octaethyleneglycol monohexadecyl ether (C 16 EO 8 ), and an aqueous Sn solution (0.300 g) which was prepared by dissolving both 1.69 g of SnCl 2 . 2H 2 O and 9.15 g of H 2 SO 4 aq. (18.3 mol/L) into water and fixing the volume to 50 mL. The LLC takes a 2D-hexagonal symmetry, as is confirmed by low-angle XRD analysis. The electrodeposition was carried out at room temperature and H 2 O-saturated atmosphere with a constant voltage of À100 mV till the current of 1.5 C/ cm 2 was passed. Sn plate was used as the counter electrode. Cycle properties were evaluated using conventional glass cells with two pieces of lithium foil as counter and r...

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“…For example, the hydrothermal carbonization was performed for cellulose in the 220-250 °C range [40], for glucose between 170 and 500 °C [19,[41][42][43][44], for sucrose at 190 °C [45] and for starch at 600 °C [46]. Process times were typically between 4 and 12 h. For some of the materials, the graphitic nature has been improved by annealing the sample after synthesis.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diamond-Like Carbon Nanofoam from Low-Temperature Hydrothermal Carbonization of a Sucrose/Naphthalene Precursor Solution

Frese

Mitchell

Bowers

et al. 2017

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Unusual structure of low-density carbon nanofoam, different from the commonly observed micropearl morphology, was obtained by hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) of a sucrose solution where a specific small amount of naphthalene had been added. Helium-ion microscopy (HIM) was used to obtain images of the foam yielding micron-sized, but non-spherical particles as structural units with a smooth foam surface. Raman spectroscopy shows a predominant sp 2 peak, which results from the graphitic internal structure. A strong sp 3 peak is seen in X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). Electrons in XPS are emitted from the near surface region which implies that the graphitic microparticles have a diamond-like foam surface layer. The occurrence of separated sp 2 and sp 3 regions is uncommon for carbon nanofoams and reveals an interesting bulk-surface structure of the compositional units.

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Low-temperature synthesis of nanosized disordered carbon spheres as an anode material for lithium ion batteries

Cited by 71 publications

References 31 publications

The Charge-Discharge Characteristics of Woody Carbon Modified with Fe<SUB>3</SUB>O<SUB>4</SUB> Nano Phase Using the Hydrothermal Method

The Charge-Discharge Characteristics of Woody Carbon Modified with Fe<SUB>3</SUB>O<SUB>4</SUB> Nano Phase Using the Hydrothermal Method

Cycle and Rate Properties of Mesoporous Tin Anode for Lithium Ion Secondary Batteries

Diamond-Like Carbon Nanofoam from Low-Temperature Hydrothermal Carbonization of a Sucrose/Naphthalene Precursor Solution

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