Low-temperature synthesis of superfine barium strontium titanate powder by the citrate method

A simple method to synthesize Ba0.6Sr0.4TiO3 nano-powders through high-energy ball-milling

“…The synthesis temperature 1000°C is lower than that of the BST powders (1250°C) prepared by traditional solid-state process [20]. This is associated with the particle refinement, similar to the mechanism of chemical methods [7][8][9][10][11]. After milling for 10 h, the amount of BaWO 4 increases and another unknown phase emerges [ Fig.…”

“…To have a low sintering temperature, BST powders should be synthesized at a low temperature. Chemical methods are always adopted for preparing BST nano-powders at a relatively low temperature [7][8][9][10][11], but such processes are complicated for industrialization.…”