Low-temperature thermal reactions between SO2 and H2O2 and their relevance to the jovian icy satellites

Loeffler, M. J.; Hudson, R. L.

doi:10.1016/j.icarus.2013.02.005

Cited by 24 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…We note that sulfate and bisulfate ions are the result of radiolytic processes, while bisulfite and meta-bisulfite are produced by thermal processing. This finding can be reciprocally confirmed and explained by the comparison with the results of non-radiolytic, thermally driven (2007) experiments (Loeffler et al 2013(Loeffler et al , 2016 …”

Section: Energetic Vs Thermal Processingsupporting

confidence: 67%

“…It is relevant to mention that Loeffler et al (2013) used these results as a possible explanation for some of the observations related to the presence and distribution of hydrogen peroxide across Europa's surface and of its lack on Ganymede and Callisto. Similarly Loeffler et al (2016) studied the thermal processing of the solid mixture H 2 O:SO 2 :O 3 .…”

Section: Energetic Vs Thermal Processingmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Thermal and energetic processing of astrophysical ice analogues rich in SO₂

Kaňuchová

Boduch

Domaracka

et al. 2017

A&A

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Context. Sulfur is an abundant element in the cosmos and it is thus an important contributor to astrochemistry in the interstellar medium and in the solar system. Astronomical observations of the gas and of the solid phases in the dense interstellar/circumstellar regions have evidenced that sulfur is underabundant. The hypothesis to explain such a circumstance is that it is incorporated in some species in the solid phase (i.e. as frozen gases and/or refractory solids) and/or in the gas phase, which for different reasons have not been observed so far. Aims. Here we wish to give a contribution to the field by studying the chemistry induced by thermal and energetic processing of frozen mixtures of sulfur dioxide (one of the most abundant sulfur-bearing molecules observed so far) and water. Methods. We present the results of a series of laboratory experiments concerning thermal processing of different H 2 O:SO 2 mixtures and ion bombardment (30 keV He + ) of the same mixtures. We used in situ Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy to investigate the induced effects. Results. The results indicate that ionic species such as HSO − 3 , HSO − 4 , and S 2 O 2− 5 are easily produced. Energetic processing also produces SO 3 polymers and a sulfurous refractory residue. Conclusions. The produced ionic species exhibit spectral features in a region that, in astronomical spectra of dense molecular clouds, is dominated by strong silicate absorption. However, such a dominant feature is associated with some spectral features, some of which have not yet been identified. We suggest adding the sulfur-bearing ionic species to the list of candidates to help explain some of those features. In addition, we suggest that once expelled in the gas phase by sublimation, due to the temperature increase, and/or by non-thermal erosion those species would constitute a class of molecular ions not detected so far. We also suggest that molecular sulfur-bearing ions could be present on the surfaces and/or in the atmospheres of several objects in the solar system, for example icy satellites of the giant planets and comets.

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Section: Energetic Vs Thermal Processingsupporting

confidence: 67%

Section: Energetic Vs Thermal Processingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thermal and energetic processing of astrophysical ice analogues rich in SO₂

Kaňuchová

Boduch

Domaracka

et al. 2017

A&A

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“…Previous studies have revealed that thermal reactions take place in mixed ices of SO 2 and H 2 O, with the primary product being bisulphite (HSO − 3 ) alongside a smaller quantity of meta-bisulphite (S 2 O 2− 5 ) [28,29]. In the presence of oxidant species, the SO 2 may be oxidised to bisulphate (HSO − 4 ) or sulphate (SO 2− 4 ) [30][31][32][33].…”

Section: Thermal Chemistry In a Mixed Ice Containing H 2 O And Somentioning

confidence: 99%

Electron irradiation and thermal chemistry studies of interstellar and planetary ice analogues at the ICA astrochemistry facility

et al. 2021

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The modelling of molecular excitation and dissociation processes relevant to astrochemistry requires the validation of theories by comparison with data generated from laboratory experimentation. The newly commissioned Ice Chamber for Astrophysics-Astrochemistry (ICA) allows for the study of astrophysical ice analogues and their evolution when subjected to energetic processing, thus simulating the processes and alterations interstellar icy grain mantles and icy outer Solar System bodies undergo. ICA is an ultra-high vacuum compatible chamber containing a series of IR-transparent substrates upon which the ice analogues may be deposited at temperatures of down to 20 K. Processing of the ices may be performed in one of three ways: (i) ion impacts with projectiles delivered by a 2 MV Tandetron-type accelerator, (ii) electron irradiation from a gun fitted directly to the chamber, and (iii) thermal processing across a temperature range of 20–300 K. The physico-chemical evolution of the ices is studied in situ using FTIR absorbance spectroscopy and quadrupole mass spectrometry. In this paper, we present an overview of the ICA facility with a focus on characterising the electron beams used for electron impact studies, as well as reporting the preliminary results obtained during electron irradiation and thermal processing of selected ices. Graphic Abstract

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“…Since the ion irradiation of H 2 Oice already has been reported (Moore and Hudson, 2000) to produce hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 ), we suspected that H 2 O 2 acts as an oxidizing agent for reaction (2). This, in turn, led to our most recent study (Loeffler and Hudson, 2013), which examined whether adding H 2 O 2 to solids rich in H 2 O-ice could promote oxidation-reduction chemistry solely by thermal means. In those studies, we found that warming a H 2 O + H 2 O 2 + SO 2 ice from 50 K to 130 K initiated the formation HSO 3 − and SO 4 2− through the following reactions:…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Table 1 lists the four inorganic compounds we studied. Sulfur dioxide (SO 2 ) was selected since we already have data for it under other conditions (Loeffler and Hudson, 2010;Loeffler and Hudson, 2013), and hydrogen sulfide (H 2 S) was chosen as a possible precursor to SO 2 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Descent without Modification? The Thermal Chemistry of H₂O₂ on Europa and Other Icy Worlds

Loeffler

Hudson

2015

Astrobiology

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The strong oxidant H2O2 is known to exist in solid form on Europa and is suspected to exist on several other Solar System worlds at temperatures below 200 K. However, little is known of the thermal chemistry that H2O2 might induce under these conditions. Here, we report new laboratory results on the reactivity of solid H2O2 with eight different compounds in H2O-rich ices. Using infrared spectroscopy, we monitored compositional changes in ice mixtures during warming. The compounds CH4 (methane), C3H4 (propyne), CH3OH (methanol), and CH3CN (acetonitrile) were unaltered by the presence of H2O2 in ices, showing that exposure to either solid H2O2 or frozen H2O+H2O2 at cryogenic temperatures will not oxidize these organics, much less convert them to CO2. This contrasts strongly with the much greater reactivity of organics with H2O2 at higher temperatures, and particularly in the liquid and gas phases. Of the four inorganic compounds studied, CO, H2S, NH3, and SO2, only the last two reacted in ices containing H2O2, NH3 making NH4+ and SO2 making SO(4)2- by H+ and e- transfer, respectively. An important astrobiological conclusion is that formation of surface H2O2 on Europa and that molecule's downward movement with H2O-ice do not necessarily mean that all organics encountered in icy subsurface regions will be destroyed by H2O2 oxidation.

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Low-temperature thermal reactions between SO2 and H2O2 and their relevance to the jovian icy satellites

Cited by 24 publications

References 25 publications

Thermal and energetic processing of astrophysical ice analogues rich in SO₂

Thermal and energetic processing of astrophysical ice analogues rich in SO₂

Electron irradiation and thermal chemistry studies of interstellar and planetary ice analogues at the ICA astrochemistry facility

Descent without Modification? The Thermal Chemistry of H₂O₂ on Europa and Other Icy Worlds

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Low-temperature thermal reactions between SO2 and H2O2 and their relevance to the jovian icy satellites

Cited by 24 publications

References 25 publications

Thermal and energetic processing of astrophysical ice analogues rich in SO2

Thermal and energetic processing of astrophysical ice analogues rich in SO2

Electron irradiation and thermal chemistry studies of interstellar and planetary ice analogues at the ICA astrochemistry facility

Descent without Modification? The Thermal Chemistry of H2O2 on Europa and Other Icy Worlds

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Thermal and energetic processing of astrophysical ice analogues rich in SO₂

Thermal and energetic processing of astrophysical ice analogues rich in SO₂

Descent without Modification? The Thermal Chemistry of H₂O₂ on Europa and Other Icy Worlds