Low-Threshold Plasmonic Lasers on a Single-Crystalline Epitaxial Silver Platform at Telecom Wavelength

Lee, Chien Ju; Yeh, Han; Cheng, Fei; Su, Ping Hsiang; Her, Tsing-Hua; Chen, Yen-Chun; Wang, Chun Yuan; Gwo, Shangjr; Bank, Seth R.; Shih, Chih Kang; Chang, Wen‐Hao

doi:10.1021/acsphotonics.7b00184

Cited by 28 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…Among those efforts, the concept of diffraction-unlimited plasmonic nanocavity has been proposed. 3,4 This novel type of nanoscale cavity involves surface plasmons localized at the interface between metal and dielectric material. The localized mode conned at the interface is known as surface plasmon polaritons (SPPs) which means strong coupling between surface plasmons and photons.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Low threshold room-temperature UV surface plasmon polariton lasers with ZnO nanowires on single-crystal aluminum films with Al₂O₃ interlayers

Liao

Cheng

et al. 2019

RSC Adv.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Low threshold room-temperature UV surface plasmon polariton lasers with ZnO nanowires on single-crystal aluminum films with Al₂O₃ interlayers

Liao

Cheng

et al. 2019

RSC Adv.

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“…Benefited from the diverse semiconductor materials, the lasing spectrum has been extended to UV and NIR that covering the whole VIS region . For example, in 2014, Lu et al demonstrated an all‐color plasmonic nanolasers with ultralow thresholds using In x Ga 1− x N/GaN core–shell nanorods supported on an Al 2 O 3 ‐capped epitaxial Ag film (Figure c) .…”

Section: Experimental Demonstrations Of the Plasmonic Nanolasersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Plasmonic Nanolasers: Pursuing Extreme Lasing Conditions on Nanoscale

Gao

et al. 2019

Advanced Optical Materials

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and techniques have been proposed and/ or developed. Here we focus on a newly emerging area-plasmonic nanolaser that pursuing extremely smaller cavity size in one or more dimensions, and consequently extreme lasing conditions, by using a plasmonic cavity with feature size possibly far below the diffraction limit of light.The miniaturization of a laser can be traced back to the early age of the laser, when compact semiconductor structures were introduced. In particular, the introduction of semiconductors as the gain media in 1962, [11,12] followed by a series of elaborately engineered structures from heterostructure, [13] quantum well, [14] vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser (VCSEL), [15,16] microdisk, [17][18][19] photonic crystal, [20][21][22] quantum dot [23,24] to nanowire (NW) [25][26][27] have made great success in shrinking a laser from bulk scale to wavelength level using reduced cavity sizes. [28] For example, to date, typical commercial edgeemitting quantum well laser diodes have dimensions of several micrometers in width and hundreds of micrometers in length, and a single quantum dot can lase in a photonic crystal cavity with overall dimension of merely 0.7(λ/n) 3 , where λ is the vacuum wavelength and n the refractive index of the dielectric. [29] With optimized geometry and material for cavity design, lower structural dimension is expected. However, in a dielectric cavity with limited refractive index n, the cavity size is intrinsically restricted by optical diffraction limit that sets an ultimate limit λ/2n for both cavity length and mode size in all three dimensions.An effective step to shrink a cavity beyond the diffraction limit is converting light into surface plasmon polaritons (SPPs) in nanostructuralized metals, which is a kind of collective oscillation of quasi free electrons on the interface of a metal and a dielectric. [30] While SPP is featured with ultrahigh optical confinement and ultrafast relaxation process as shown in Figure 1a, [31] it is inevitably accompanied by ultrahigh energy dissipation (i.e., Ohmic loss), leading to a mutual balance between the mode size and the optical loss in either a nanowaveguide or a nanocavity as shown in Figure 1b. [32] For example, the transverse mode area of SPP mode on an Ag nanowire with diameter of 100 nm can be as small as 0.01 µm 2 but also exhibits a propagation loss larger than 200 dB mm −1 . Despite of the high loss coefficient of plasmonic resonance at optical frequency, a properly designed nanoplasmonic cavity coupled with a gain medium is possible to lase with miniature cavity length.Owing to their ultrahigh optical confinement, plasmonic nanolasers with cavity sizes beyond the diffraction limit of light, are attracting increasing attention for pursuing extreme lasing conditions on nanoscale including ultracompact cavity mode, ultrafast lasing modulation, significantly enhanced light-matter interaction, and Purcell effect. In this review, the recent progress on plasmonic nanolasers from both theoretical and experimental aspects is intro...

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“…The output wavelength of the plasmonic lasers can be easily tuned by the period of metallic nanostructure array as well as the incident angles. Despite the great potentials of plasmonic lasers in nanophotonics, owing to the high Ohmic loss, the threshold of plasmonic lasers is quite high yet and the electrically‐driven plasmonic laser is still challenging so far, strongly hindering their practical applications . Exploring new optical gain materials is necessary to explore the application‐level plasmonic lasers.…”

Section: Surface‐plasmon‐assisted Semiconductor Micro/nanolasermentioning

confidence: 99%

Surface‐Plasmon‐Assisted Metal Halide Perovskite Small Lasers

Liu

Shang

et al. 2019

Advanced Optical Materials

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progresses, grand challenges remain for semiconductor small lasers, including high power operation, expensive fabrication proceeding, and multicolor output. Exploring new optical gain materials provides a solution to overcome these problems. Recently, metal halide perovskites have attracted considerable attentions and experienced fast development in optoelectronic applications. [6][7][8][9][10] In general, perovskites are a class of compounds with general formula ABX 3 or A 2 BX 4 , where A is monovalent cation, B is divalent metal cation, and X is halide anion, respectively. Along with low-cost fabrication process, perovskites own high absorption coefficient, low trapping states, and low Auger recombination rate, which make them excellent optical gain materials for low threshold lasing devices. [11][12][13][14][15][16][17] Very recently, continuous wave (CW) optically pumped lasing has been accomplished from the structures including CH 3 NH 3 PbI 3 (MAPbI 3 ) films coupled with distributed Bragg reflector, CsPbBr 3 NWs, and so on. [18][19][20] Also, the easy tuning of optical bandgap and long carrier diffusion length promise the realization of full-visible-spectrum and electrically driven operation, respectively. [21][22][23][24][25] For pure dielectric materials, the laser size is constrained by the diffraction limit and cannot be lower than the half of optical wavelength, typically several hundred nanometers, equivalently one order of magnitude larger than the feature size of modern transistor. Surface plasmon (SP) is a collective oscillation of free electrons occurring at metal-dielectric interface. [26][27][28] After coupling with SP, the optical waves can be confined into subwavelength scale through storing their energies into the free electron oscillations. On the one hand, it leads to large enhancement of local field intensity, which has been widely used to tailor the linear and nonlinear light-matter interaction. [29][30][31][32][33][34][35][36][37][38][39] On the other hand, it provides opportunities to achieve coherent light source below the optical diffraction limitation in the form of plasmonic laser, which extensively increases the possibility of replacing electronic circuits with optical circuits in semiconductor industry. [40][41][42] Since the concept on surface plasmon amplification by stimulated emission (SPASER) was proposed in 2003, plasmonic lasers have been experimentally implemented in the structures of metallic-nanoparticle, metal-insulator-semiconductor, metallic-cladded cavities, and plasmonic lattices. [43][44][45][46][47][48][49][50][51][52][53][54] With the rapid advances in theory and materials sciences, considerable attentions have been taken onto applicable-level plasmonic lasers with high-speed, multicolor, electrically driven operation as well as their applications in Recently, low-dimensional metal halide perovskites have attracted great attention from micro/nanolaser research fields owing to their low-cost fabrication process and outstanding optical/electronic properties. The ...

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Low-Threshold Plasmonic Lasers on a Single-Crystalline Epitaxial Silver Platform at Telecom Wavelength

Cited by 28 publications

References 36 publications

Low threshold room-temperature UV surface plasmon polariton lasers with ZnO nanowires on single-crystal aluminum films with Al₂O₃ interlayers

Low threshold room-temperature UV surface plasmon polariton lasers with ZnO nanowires on single-crystal aluminum films with Al₂O₃ interlayers

Plasmonic Nanolasers: Pursuing Extreme Lasing Conditions on Nanoscale

Surface‐Plasmon‐Assisted Metal Halide Perovskite Small Lasers

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Low-Threshold Plasmonic Lasers on a Single-Crystalline Epitaxial Silver Platform at Telecom Wavelength

Cited by 28 publications

References 36 publications

Low threshold room-temperature UV surface plasmon polariton lasers with ZnO nanowires on single-crystal aluminum films with Al2O3 interlayers

Low threshold room-temperature UV surface plasmon polariton lasers with ZnO nanowires on single-crystal aluminum films with Al2O3 interlayers

Plasmonic Nanolasers: Pursuing Extreme Lasing Conditions on Nanoscale

Surface‐Plasmon‐Assisted Metal Halide Perovskite Small Lasers

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Product

Resources

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Low threshold room-temperature UV surface plasmon polariton lasers with ZnO nanowires on single-crystal aluminum films with Al₂O₃ interlayers

Low threshold room-temperature UV surface plasmon polariton lasers with ZnO nanowires on single-crystal aluminum films with Al₂O₃ interlayers