Low Ultraviolet B and Increased Risk of Brain Cancer: An Ecological Study of 175 Countries

Mohr, Sharif B.; Gorham, Edward D.; Garland, Cedric F.; Grant, William B.; Garland, Frank C.

doi:10.1159/000314350

Cited by 18 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 96 publications

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“…However, as a previous ecological study has suggested an association (54), reports from other observational studies and pooled analyses of existing cohort studies are warranted.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

Prospective Study of UV Exposure and Cancer Incidence Among Swedish Women

Yang

Veierød

Löf

et al. 2011

Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers &Amp; Prevention

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Background: Except for skin melanoma and nonmelanoma skin cancer, little evidence from prospective studies is available on the association between UV exposure and cancer risk.Methods: We followed prospectively 49,261 women aged 30 to 49 years at enrollment in 1991 to 1992 for 15 years. Cancer incidence was analyzed by fitting Cox models, and estimating hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI).Results: 2,303 incident cases of cancer were diagnosed (breast: 1,053, ovary: 126, lung: 116, colon-rectum: 133, and brain: 116). No associations were found between any cumulative measure of UV exposure at ages 10 to 39 years and overall cancer risk. However, spending 1 week/year between ages 10 and 29 years on sunbathing vacations led to an inverse association with overall cancer risk (HR: 0.70, 95% CI: 0.53-0.93) and breast cancer risk (HR: 0.56, 95% CI: 0.36-0.89) when compared with women who never went on such vacations. Solarium use was inversely associated with breast cancer risk, whereas 2 sunburns/year was inversely associated with lung cancer risk. No other associations were found between sun exposure or solarium use at ages 10 to 39 years and cancer risk.Conclusion: We found no evidence of an association between any cumulative measure of UV exposure at ages 10 to 39 years and overall cancer risk. UV exposure earlier in life was related to reduced overall and breast cancer risk.Impact: Further research is needed to define the amount of solar or artificial UV exposure that may, or may not, be beneficial for cancer prevention. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev; 20(7); 1358-67. Ó2011 AACR.

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“…However, as a previous ecological study has suggested an association (54), reports from other observational studies and pooled analyses of existing cohort studies are warranted.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

Prospective Study of UV Exposure and Cancer Incidence Among Swedish Women

Yang

Veierød

Löf

et al. 2011

Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers &Amp; Prevention

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“…UVB varies inversely with latitude 16 . Countries located at latitudes distant from the equator, where the level of UVB is relatively low, had higher incidence rates than countries located at latitudes closer to the equator (Fig.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

What is the relationship between ultraviolet B and global incidence rates of colorectal cancer?

Cuomo

Mohr

Gorham

et al. 2013

Dermato-Endocrinology

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The purpose of this study is to examine the relationship between ultraviolet B and global incidence of colorectal cancer, while controlling for relevant covariates. Linear regression was used to assess the relationship between latitude and incidence rates of colon cancer in 173 countries. Multiple linear regression was employed to investigate the relationship between ultraviolet B dose and colorectal cancer rates while controlling for per capita intake of energy from animal sources, per capita health expenditure, pigmentation, and life expectancy. Data on all variables were available for 139 countries. Incidence of colon cancer was highest in countries distant from the equator (R2 = 0.50, p < 0.0001). UV B dose (p < 0.0001) was independently, inversely associated with incidence rates of colorectal cancer after controlling for intake of energy from animal sources, per capita health expenditure, pigmentation, and life expectancy (R2 for overall model = 0.76, p < 0.0001). Consistent with previous research, UVB was inversely associated with incidence of colon cancer. Further research on vitamin D and prevention of colon cancer in individuals should be conducted, including studies of higher serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentrations than have been studied to date.

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“…This pattern has held true for cancers of the colon [8], breast [9], pancreas [10], ovary [11], brain [12], bladder [13], kidney [14], and multiple myeloma [15].…”

Section: Impact Of Sunlight And/or Vitamin D On Specific Health Condimentioning

confidence: 93%

“…Moreover, they neglect that we have evolved with physiological adaptations to help protect the skin from the sun [5] when we are mindful of our exposure and do not burn. They neglect the fact that increased sun exposure, based on latitude, has been associated with protection from several different types of cancer [6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15], type 1 diabetes [16], multiple sclerosis [17,18], and other diseases [19][20][21][22][23]. They also neglect the fact that exposure to the sun induces beneficial physiological changes beyond the production of vitamin D. Though adherence to the current sun-protective recommendations would likely result in the reduction of nonmelanoma skin cancer, that reduction would likely be overshadowed by the potential reduction in deaths from other cancers and from cardiovascular disease, which could be achieved by doubling average blood concentrations of 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25 (OH)D) to 40 ng/mL through a combination of sun exposure and supplements [24].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%