Low Urinary Albumin Excretion in Astronauts during Space Missions

Cirillo, Massimo; Santo, Natale G. De; Heer, Martina; Norsk, Peter; Elmann-Larsen, B.; Bellini, Luigi; Stellato, Davide; Drummer, C.

doi:10.1159/000070243

Cited by 20 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…However study aboard the Mir showed that a consistent reduction of microalbuminuria occurred compared with corresponding data on Earth [28] ( Table 3 ). …”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 59%

Detection of Renal Tissue and Urinary Tract Proteins in the Human Urine after Space Flight

et al. 2013

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The urine protein composition samples of ten Russian cosmonauts (male, aged of 35 up to 51) performed long flight missions and varied from 169 up to 199 days on the International Space Station (ISS) were analyzed. As a control group, urine samples of six back-up cosmonauts were analyzed. We used proteomic techniques to obtain data and contemporary bioinformatics approaches to perform the analysis. From the total number of identified proteins (238) in our data set, 129 were associated with a known tissue origin. Preflight samples contained 92 tissue-specific proteins, samples obtained on Day 1 after landing had 90 such proteins, while Day 7 samples offered 95 tissue-specific proteins. Analysis showed that consistently present proteins in urine (under physiological conditions and after space flight) are cubilin, epidermal growth factor, kallikrein-1, kininogen-1, megalin, osteopontin, vitamin K-dependent protein Z, uromodulin. Variably present proteins consists of: Na(+)/K(+) ATPase subunit gamma, β-defensin-1, dipeptidyl peptidase 4, maltasa-glucoamilasa, cadherin-like protein, neutral endopeptidase and vascular cell adhesion protein 1. And only three renal proteins were related to the space flight factors. They were not found in the pre-flight samples and in the back-up cosmonaut urine, but were found in the urine samples after space flight: AFAM (afamin), AMPE (aminopeptidase A) and AQP2 (aquaporin-2). This data related with physiological readaptation of water-salt balance. The proteomic analysis of urine samples in different phases of space missions with bioinformation approach to protein identification provides new data relative to biomechemical mechanism of kidney functioning after space flight.

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“…However study aboard the Mir showed that a consistent reduction of microalbuminuria occurred compared with corresponding data on Earth [28] ( Table 3 ). …”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 59%

Detection of Renal Tissue and Urinary Tract Proteins in the Human Urine after Space Flight

et al. 2013

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“…Pre-and postflight measurements of bone mineral density have been used to evaluate the reduction in bone mass (Goodship et al, 1998), and echocardiographic measurements have been used to analyze cardiac function (Pantalos et al, 2005). Plasma and urine analyses have been performed to asses gastroenteric (Riepl et al, 2002), endocrine Kvetnanský et al, 2004), and urinary (Cirillo et al, 2003;Whitson et al, 2009) system function. These tests have furthered our understanding of functional changes in organs or systems but not of underlying molecular mechanisms that would be useful for possible therapeutic strategies.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thyroid Cell Growth: Sphingomyelin Metabolism as Non-Invasive Marker for Cell Damage Acquired during Spaceflight

et al. 2010

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Prolonged spaceflights are known to elicit changes in human cardiovascular, musculoskeletal, and nervous systems, whose functions are regulated by the thyroid gland. It is known that sphingomyelin metabolism is involved in apoptosis (programmed cell death) of thyroid cells induced by UVC radiation, but at present no data exists with regard to this phenomenon, which occurs during space missions. The aim of this study was to analyze, for the first time, the effect of spaceflight on the enzymes of sphingomyelin metabolism, sphingomyelinase, and sphingomyelin synthase, and to determine whether the ratio between the two enzymes might be used as a possible marker for thyroid activity during space missions. Both quiescent thyroid cells and thyroid cells stimulated to proliferate with thyrotropin (TSH) were cultured during the Eneide and Esperia missions on the International Space Station. The results show that during space missions the cells treated with TSH grew only 1.5 ± 0.65-fold and, thus, behave similarly to quiescent cells, while on the ground the same cells, maintained in experimental conditions that reproduced those of the flight, grew 7.71 ± 0.67-fold. Comparison of the sphingomyelinase/sphingomyelin-synthase ratio and the levels of Bax, STAT3, and RNA polymerase II in proliferating, quiescent, pro-apoptotic, or apoptotic cells demonstrated that thyroid cells during space missions were induced into a pro-apoptotic state. Given its specificity and the small amount of cells needed for analysis, we propose the use of the sphingomyelinase/sphingomyelin-synthase ratio as a marker of functional status of thyroid cells during space missions. Further studies could lead to its use in real time during prolonged spaceflights.

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“…Prior work has characterized molecular changes that occur during spaceflight in astronauts. These include changes in cytokine profiles 8,10,11 , urinary albumin abundance 12 , and hemolysis 13 . Furthermore, multi-omic assays have provided genomic maps of structural changes in DNA [14][15][16] , RNA expression profiles 11,17,18 , sample-wide protein measurements 17,19,20 , and metabolomic status 17 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Collection of Biospecimens from the Inspiration4 Mission Establishes the Standards for the Space Omics and Medical Atlas (SOMA)

Overbey

Ryon

Kim

et al. 2023

Preprint

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The SpaceX Inspiration4 mission provided a unique opportunity to study the impact of spaceflight on the human body. Biospecimen samples were collected from the crew at different stages of the mission, including before (L-92, L-44, L-3 days), during (FD1, FD2, FD3), and after (R+1, R+45, R+82, R+194 days) spaceflight, creating a longitudinal sample set. The collection process included samples such as venous blood, capillary dried blood spot cards, saliva, urine, stool, body swabs, capsule swabs, SpaceX Dragon capsule HEPA filter, and skin biopsies, which were processed to obtain aliquots of serum, plasma, extracellular vesicles, and peripheral blood mononuclear cells. All samples were then processed in clinical and research laboratories for optimal isolation and testing of DNA, RNA, proteins, metabolites, and other biomolecules. This paper describes the complete set of collected biospecimens, their processing steps, and long-term biobanking methods, which enable future molecular assays and testing. As such, this study details a robust framework for obtaining and preserving high-quality human, microbial, and environmental samples for aerospace medicine in the Space Omics and Medical Atlas (SOMA) initiative, which can also aid future experiments in human spaceflight and space biology.

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Low Urinary Albumin Excretion in Astronauts during Space Missions

Cited by 20 publications

References 10 publications

Detection of Renal Tissue and Urinary Tract Proteins in the Human Urine after Space Flight

Detection of Renal Tissue and Urinary Tract Proteins in the Human Urine after Space Flight

Thyroid Cell Growth: Sphingomyelin Metabolism as Non-Invasive Marker for Cell Damage Acquired during Spaceflight

Collection of Biospecimens from the Inspiration4 Mission Establishes the Standards for the Space Omics and Medical Atlas (SOMA)

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