Low-velocity Impact Characterization of Glass, Carbon and Kevlar Composites                 Using Repeated Drop Tests

Sugun, BS; Rao, Raghavendra

doi:10.1177/0731684404039798

Cited by 46 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…According to the registered peak loads, absorbed energies and projected damage areas, all the laminates successfully faced repeated impact up to 30 J, while better performances depended on the configuration of the single specimen. Sugun and Rao 11 investigated the behaviour of different advanced composites – glass, carbon and kevlar in epoxy matrix – impacted at low velocity by means of an instrumented drop weight impact testing machine. For impact energies ranging from 3.5 to 15 J, they obtained the number of drops to failure data with simultaneous recording of the load-time and energy-time histories.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental investigation on a fully thermoplastic composite subjected to repeated impacts

Boria

Scattina

Belingardi

2019

Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part C:

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In the last years, the spread of composite laminates into the engineering sectors was observed; the main reason lies in higher values of strength/weight and stiffness/weight ratios with respect to conventional materials. Firstly, the attention was focused on fibres reinforced with thermosetting matrix. Then, the necessity to move towards low density and recyclable solutions has implied the development of composites made with thermoplastic matrix. Even if the first application of thermoplastic composites can be found into no structural parts, the replacement of metallic structural parts with such material in areas potentially subjected to impact has become worthy of investigation. Depending on the field of application and on the design geometry, in fact, some components can be subjected to repeated impacts at localized sites either during fabrication, activities of routine maintenance or during service conditions. When composite material was adopted, even though the impact damage associated to the single impact event can be slight, the accumulation of the damage over time may seriously weaken the mechanical performance of the structure. In this overview, the capability of energy absorption of a new composite completely made of thermoplastic material was investigated. This material was able to combine two conflicting requirements: the recyclability and the lightweight. In particular, repeated impacts at low velocity, on self-reinforced laminates made of polypropylene (PP), were conducted by experimental drop dart tests. Repeated impacts up to the perforation or up to 40 times were performed. In the analysis, three different energy levels and three different values of the laminate thicknesses were considered in order to analyse the damage behaviour under various experimental configurations. A visual observation of the impacted specimens was done, in order to evaluate the damage progression. Moreover, the trend of the peak force interchanged between specimen and dart and the evolution of both the absorbed energy and of the bending stiffness with the impacts number were studied. The results pointed out that the maximum load and the stiffness of the specimens tended to grow increasing the number of the repeated impacts. Such trend is opposite compared to the previous results obtained by other researchers using thermosetting composites.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental investigation on a fully thermoplastic composite subjected to repeated impacts

Boria

Scattina

Belingardi

2019

Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part C:

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“…É interessante observar que, em linha com resultados obtidos por alguns pesquisadores em laminados compósitos reforçados respectivamente com fibras contínuas de carbono, vidro e para-aramida [26], a carga máxima alcançada durante os impactos repetidos aplicados no LMF-Glare tendeu a diminuir, a partir de certo número de impactos, na medida em que a sequência de golpes no modo CON era desenvolvida. …”

Section: Modo Con De Carregamento Por Impacto Repetidounclassified

Caracterização de danos e resistência residual de um laminado híbrido metal/fibra após impactos repetidos de baixa energia

Tarpani¹,

Cardoso²,

Gualberto³

et al. 2011

Matéria (Rio J.)

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A energia absorvida pelo laminado metal/fibra Glare  durante impactos repetidos de baixa energia aplicados segundo três diferentes sequências de carregamento dinâmico foi determinada através de um aparato Laser-Doppler. Os resultados indicaram que a energia absorvida (E a ) foi cerca de 40% da energia total disponibilizada (E t = 6 Joules), independentemente da sequência de impactos empregada. As propriedades mecânicas residuais do laminado em condições de flexão monotônica sob três pontos, assim como os danos visualmente detectáveis criados por impacto no material, também não revelaram efeitos significativos da história de cargas dinâmicas experimentada pelo laminado híbrido. Palavras-chave:Laminado metal/fibra, impacto repetido, tolerância a danos. Damage characterization and residual resistance of fiber/metal laminate after low energy repeated impact ABSTRACTThe energy absorbed by the fiber/metal laminate Glare  during low-energy repeated impact events according to three different dynamic loading sequences has been determined using a Laser-Doppler apparatus. The results indicated that the absorbed energy (E a ) was approximately 40% of the total available energy (E t = 6 Joules) regardless of the impact sequence applied. The residual mechanical properties of the laminate under three-point flexural conditions, as well as the visually detectable damage created by impact on the material, did not show any significant effect of the dynamic loading sequence withstood by the hybrid laminate.Keywords: Damage tolerance, fiber/metal laminate, repeated impact. INTRODUÇÃOGlare  (Glass-Reinforced Aluminum Laminate) é o laminado híbrido da classe dos metal/fibra (LMF) mais conhecido e empregado na indústria aeronáutica. Ele combina as atrativas características dos metais, como, por exemplo, boa resistência ao impacto e ótima conformabilidade, com as melhores propriedades dos materiais compósitos fortalecidos com fibras contínuas, como elevada resistência à fadiga associada a um baixo peso [1,2].O emprego de Glare em componentes aeronáuticos externos, tais como fuselagens e bordos de ataque, assim como internos, tais como soalhos e revestimentos, requer o conhecimento de seu desempenho sob condições de carregamento sob impactos repetidos de baixa energia, aos quais se expõem aquelas partes do veículo em condições normais de operação e serviço. Por exemplo, é bem conhecida a questão dos fragmentos da pista lançados contra a superfície externa da aeronave pelo atrito dos pneus com o solo durante pousos e decolagens [3,4]. A questão do contato repetido de saltos agudos de sapato contra o soalho de aeronaves, a despeito da proteção exercida pelo carpete que geralmente o recobre, é também preocupante, visto que, em algumas aeronaves, este componente é considerado primário, ou seja, de extrema responsabilidade, já que, assim como a fuselagem e as paredes de pressão, ele suporta a pressurização interna do veículo [5]. Apenas como exemplo, uma mulher pesando 65 kg e andando de salto alto exerce uma

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“…The quasistatic punch-shear test (QS-PST) methodology has become one of the most widely used test methods by researchers in recent years due to its simple application techniques. [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19] The quasi-static punch shear (QS-PS) or indentation experiments are used to activate damage mechanisms similar to impact and penetration, however without strain rate effects. Also the low rate allows for the detailed analysis on the load response.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…18 The QS-PST has been extended to a direct-impact punch shear test (DIPST), and Gama and Gillespie 13 have developed the QS-PST to associate the value of elastic and dissipated energy with the quantity of penetration or punch shear deformation and with various dimensions of the support rings. Additionally, glass fiber-epoxy composites, which are widely used, especially for impact performance and other properties, were extensively examined and researched in last years, [5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15] and many original papers have been published. The main reason for investigating such a wide range of materials has been to understand their energy absorption and impact damage mechanisms and to know their characteristics.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigation of the penetration behavior of silicon dioxide epoxy hybrid nanocomposites

Erkendirci

Çakıcı

Avcı

et al. 2020

Journal of Composite Materials

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The use of nanomaterials is gradually increasing with the progress of nanotechnology. In particular, the production of nanocomposites incorporating nanoparticles is one of the most significant areas in which nanomaterials are being used increasingly. The first objective of this research was to detect the punch shear or penetration resistance behavior and damage mechanisms of hybrid nanocomposites obtained by using silica (SiO2) nanoparticles. For that purpose, six different SiO2 hybrid nanocomposites with different laminations three layer (3La), 5La, 7La, 11La, 15La and 21La and different thicknesses (HC) of 0.95∼4.98 mm, were made by using vacuum assisted transfer molding (VARTM). During this research, quasi-static punch-shear (QS-PS) tests at span punch ratios (SPRs) of 1.16, 1.33, 1.67, 2.00, 2.33, 2.67, and more were conducted to determine quasi-static penetration mechanics and penetration resistance behavior. Moreover, deflection, energy dissipation, damage area, stiffness, and peak force values were investigated through experimental results and scanning electronic microscope (SEM) images.

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Low-velocity Impact Characterization of Glass, Carbon and Kevlar Composites Using Repeated Drop Tests

Cited by 46 publications

References 15 publications

Experimental investigation on a fully thermoplastic composite subjected to repeated impacts

Experimental investigation on a fully thermoplastic composite subjected to repeated impacts

Caracterização de danos e resistência residual de um laminado híbrido metal/fibra após impactos repetidos de baixa energia

Investigation of the penetration behavior of silicon dioxide epoxy hybrid nanocomposites

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