“…[ 32 ] coronary bypass graft, valve replacement | prospective, observational | 70 | 59 | no | 25(OH)D, RIA, and 1,25-(OH) 2 D, ELISA | continuous | 30 days | increased risk for composite in-hospital mortality, myocardial infarction, low cardiac output syndrome, infection, and stroke, decreased glomerular filtration rate | Zittermann et al [ 33 ] | cardiac transplant and non-transplant cardiac surgery | prospective, observational | not reported | 208 | no | 25(OH)D, RIA, and 1,25-(OH) 2 D, ELISA | continuous | 30 days | decreased glomerular filtration rate |
Turan et al . [ 34 ] | cardiac surgery | retrospective | not reported | 426 | yes | 25(OH)D, not reported | continuous | 30 days | none |
Zittermann et al . [ 35 ] | non-transplant cardiac surgery | prospective, observational | 70 | 4418 | no | 25(OH)D, RIA | categorical, <12, 12–20, 20–30, 30–40, >40 ng/mL thresholds | 12 months | increased risk of in-hospital mortality, myocardial infarction, low cardiac output syndrome, stroke, 6 and 12 month mortality; U-shaped risk for prolonged ventilatory support and intensive care unit (ICU) stay |
Zittermann et al . |
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