Lower-extremity arterial calcification as a correlate of coronary artery calcification

Skin Fluorescence Correlates Strongly with Coronary Artery Calcification Severity in Type 1 Diabetes

“…In a previous report from our type 1 diabetes population we showed a strong relationship between radiographically determined medial wall calcification of the ankle and EBT-determined calcification of the coronary arteries. 32 Sakata et al 28 observed higher levels of calcification of the medial wall of the internal thoracic artery in diabetes patients. In their population, internal thoracic calcification was associated with AGEs in those with diabetes but not in those without diabetes.…”

Depressive and anxiety disorders and risk of subclinical atherosclerosis

“…High ABI has also been used as surrogate marker of lower-extremity arterial calcification as well [37]. Although lower-extremity arterial calcification is predicted by classical risk factors for atherothrombotic disease, it probably rather reflects medial wall calcification instead of atherosclerotic plaque, which is rather located in the intima [35].This may indicate that high ABI reflects some other processes than those underlying atherosclerotic plaque formation, which could be the reason why an association was found between depressive and anxiety disorders and low but not high ABI in our sample.…”

“…In line with recommendations from the recently published meta-analysis of the Ankle Brachial Index Collaboration [23], which showed a nonlinear association between ABI and CVD risk, three groups of increased CVD risk were distinguished: low ABI (0.90 or less), mildly low ABI (ranging 0.90-1.11) and high ABI (greater than 1.40). While subclinical atherosclerosis is largely acknowledged to be associated with an increased risk of clinical CVD among those with low and mildly low ABI levels [23,34], the mechanisms explaining the increased CVD risk among those with a high ABI have not been definitely established, but could likely reflect poor arterial compliance resulting from stiffness and calcification of the medial arterial wall [23,35]. An ABI of 1.11 to 1.40 was considered to be normal and is used as the reference value in the analyses.…”

The role of carbonic anhydrase in the pathogenesis of vascular calcification in humans

“…In patients with newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes mellitus, medial arterial calcification is a strong independent predictor of cardiovascular mortality [12]. In a prospective cohort of type 1 diabetes mellitus patients, lower-extremity arterial calcification is an independent correlate of the later presence of coronary artery calcification [13]. In a population-based cohort of individuals who attended health checkups, aortic calcification is independently associated with coronary heart disease risk [14].…”