Lower prevalence of multiple sclerosis in First Nations Canadians

Marrie, Ruth Ann; Leung, Stella; Yu, Nancy; Elliott, Lawrence

doi:10.1212/cpj.0000000000000418

Cited by 9 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…Table 2. Africa and East Asia have rates around 2 per 100,000 (Kanavos et al 2016). Ethnicity also plays a role in the prevalence of MS. Studies show that certain ethnic groups, such as the First Nations in Canada (Marrie et al 2018) or the Sami in Norway (Benjaminsen et al 2014), have a lower prevalence of MS, despite living in countries where MS is common.…”

Section: What Is the Impact Of Disease Progression In Ms On Individua...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Medicare for 50-to-64-Year-Olds: Assessing the Effects of Allowing Older Adults to Buy Into the Medicare Program

Eibner¹,

Vardavas²,

Nowak³

et al. 2019

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R® is a registered trademark.RAND Europe is a not-for-profit research organisation that helps to improve policy and decision making through research and analysis. RAND's publications do not necessarily reflect the opinions of its research clients and sponsors.All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced in any form by any electronic or mechanical means (including photocopying, recording, or information storage and retrieval) without permission in writing from the sponsor.

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Section: What Is the Impact Of Disease Progression In Ms On Individua...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Medicare for 50-to-64-Year-Olds: Assessing the Effects of Allowing Older Adults to Buy Into the Medicare Program

Eibner¹,

Vardavas²,

Nowak³

et al. 2019

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“…Each provincial government delivers healthcare services to virtually all residents in each province (aside from those covered by the federal government [<2% of the population] such as the military). 16 - 18 Furthermore, access to provincial prescription data within a universal healthcare setting captured all prescription filled, largely unaffected by an individual's ability to pay. Thus, the proportion of persons exposed to a DMD in our study is likely to be a representative population estimate.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…15 Each provincial government delivers healthcare services to more than 98% of the population. 16 - 18 The administrative data were linked for each person within each province and included provincial health insurance registries 19 ; providing demographics (sex, birthdates, residency status, place of residency [first 3-digit postal codes], and for Saskatchewan and Manitoba, death dates); physician visits; and hospitalizations, 20 , 21 including diagnostic codes ( International Classification of Diseases [ ICD ] -9/10 ). Thus, all diagnostic codes were based on either a physician visit (and represent claims/billing data) or a hospitalization and were assigned at discharge based on the most likely reason(s) for that hospitalization (as determined by the attending physician[s]).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Disease-Modifying Drugs for Multiple Sclerosis and Association With Survival

Zhu

Kingwell

et al. 2022

Neurol Neuroimmunol Neuroinflamm

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Background and ObjectivesWe examined the association between the disease-modifying drugs (DMDs) for multiple sclerosis (MS) and survival in a multiregion population-based study.MethodsWe accessed multiple administrative health databases from 4 Canadian provinces. Persons with MS were identified and followed from the most recent of the first MS or demyelinating event or January 1, 1996 (index date), until death, emigration, or December 31, 2017. Association between the first-generation and second-generation DMDs and all-cause mortality was examined using stratified Cox proportional hazard models, reported as adjusted hazard ratios (aHRs). Timing of DMD initiation was explored, with findings reported at 2, 5, or 10 years postindex date, representing very early, early, or late initiation.ResultsWe identified 35,894 persons with MS; 72% were female. The mean age at index date was 44.5 years (SD = 13.6). The total person-years of follow-up while DMD-exposed was 89,180, and total person-years while unexposed was 342,217. Compared with no exposure, exposure to any DMD or to any first-generation DMD was associated with a 26% lower hazard of mortality (both aHRs 0.74; 95% CI 0.56–0.98), while any second-generation DMD exposure was associated with a 33% lower hazard (aHR 0.67; 95% CI 0.46–0.98). Earlier DMD initiation (beta-interferon or glatiramer acetate vs no exposure) was associated with a significant mortality effect (p < 0.05), while later initiation was not (95% CIs included 1). However, the survival advantage with earlier initiation diminished over time, no longer reaching statistical significance at 15 years postindex date.DiscussionOur study demonstrates an association between the DMDs for MS and improved survival in the real-world setting.

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“…Higher prevalence among Northern Europe, North America, Australia and New Zealand might indicate genetic influence distributed to European colonies in the past. Some ethnic groups (First nations of Australia, New Zealand, Northern Scandinavia and Canada) have lower prevalence of MS, despite birth at high latitude or high prevalence location 7,8,9,10 . The above suggest geography and environment are not a complete explanation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Some ethnic groups (First nations of Australia, New Zealand, Northern Scandinavia and Canada) have lower prevalence of MS, despite birth at high latitude or high prevalence location. 7,8,9,10 The above suggest geography and environment are not a complete explanation. A presumed hypothesis for increased risk is of an interplay between environmental and genetic factors, in predisposed individuals.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Epidemiological study of multiple sclerosis in the Illawarra region

Dal

Elphick

Fuller

2022

Internal Medicine Journal

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Background: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune inflammatory demyelinating disease that causes significant disabilities. Latest MS epidemiological data in Australia reveal rising prevalence. No epidemiological study of MS has been conducted so far in the Illawarra region.Aim: To calculate prevalence and incidence of MS in the Illawarra region and compare with data from other regions, states and the national prevalence.Methods: Data of MS patients in the Illawarra region were collected from hospital medical records, ambulatory care units and hospital pharmacy. Prevalence was calculated for alive MS patients on 30 June 2018 expressed per 100 000 population. Yearly adjusted incidence rate was calculated for 10 years (2009)(2010)(2011)(2012)(2013)(2014)(2015)(2016)(2017)(2018)(2019), expressed as cases per 100 000 population-years.Results: Estimated MS prevalence in the Illawarra region was 116.6 per 100 000 population with yearly incidence (2009-2019) of 5.06 cases per 100 000 population-years (female to male, 3:1). Relapsing-remitting MS (RRMS) was the most common type (277/ 397; 69.7%) with primary progressive MS (PPMS) in 52/397 (13%), and secondary progressive MS (SPMS) in 45/397 (11.3%; unknown in 23). The commonest age at diagnosis ranged between 30 and 39 years for all types with RRMS and PPMS between 30-39 years and 40-49 years respectively. The most common recorded treatment was natalizumab (103 patients), followed by fingolimod (82 patients) and interferon (58 patients). Conclusion:The calculated MS prevalence in the Illawarra region is higher than New South Wales and the Australian average MS prevalence. Further epidemiological studies focussing on MS risk factors and other factors bearing on MS prevalence in the Illawarra region are required.

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Lower prevalence of multiple sclerosis in First Nations Canadians

Cited by 9 publications

References 34 publications

Medicare for 50-to-64-Year-Olds: Assessing the Effects of Allowing Older Adults to Buy Into the Medicare Program

Medicare for 50-to-64-Year-Olds: Assessing the Effects of Allowing Older Adults to Buy Into the Medicare Program

Disease-Modifying Drugs for Multiple Sclerosis and Association With Survival

Epidemiological study of multiple sclerosis in the Illawarra region

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