Lowering nitrogen inputs and optimizing fertilizer types can reduce direct and indirect greenhouse gas emissions from rice-wheat rotation systems

Jiang, Jingyan; Jiang, Shanshan; Xu, Jia‐Ying; Wang, Jue; Li, Zhilin; Wu, Jie; Zhang, Jingsha

doi:10.1016/j.ejsobi.2020.103152

Cited by 29 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 46 publications

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“…Numerous studies indicated that the soil N 2 O emissions were positively correlated with the application rate of N fertilizer, as the surplus N in soil was a major source of reactive N losses [ 19 , 20 ]. Optimizing the N application rate could significantly decrease the N 2 O emissions from agricultural soils [ 21 , 22 ]. Previous studies suggested that reduced fertilizer N rate could mitigate the N 2 O losses from the vegetable cropping systems by 18–57% [ 23 , 24 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Enhanced-Efficiency Fertilizers Impact on Nitrogen Use Efficiency and Nitrous Oxide Emissions from an Open-Field Vegetable System in North China

Fan

Jiang

et al. 2022

Plants

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Open vegetable fields in China are a major anthropogenic source of nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions due to excessive nitrogen (N) fertilization. A 4 yr lettuce experiment was conducted to determine the impacts of controlled-release fertilizers (CRFs) and nitrification inhibitors (NIs) on lettuce yield, N2O emissions and net economic benefits. Five treatments included (i) no N fertilizer (CK), (ii) conventional urea at 255 kg N ha–1 based on farmers’ practice (FP), (iii) conventional urea at 204 kg N ha–1 (OPT), (iv) CRF at 204 kg N ha–1 (CU) and (v) CRF (204 kg N ha–1) added with NI (CUNI). No significant differences were found in the lettuce yields among different N fertilization treatments. Compared with FP, the cumulative N2O emissions were significantly decreased by 8.1%, 38.0% and 42.6% under OPT, CU and CUNI, respectively. Meanwhile, the net benefits of OPT, CU and CUNI were improved by USD 281, USD 871 and USD 1024 ha–1 compared to CN, respectively. This study recommends the combined application of CRF and NI at a reduced N rate as the optimal N fertilizer management for the sustainable production of vegetables in China with the lowest environmental risks and the greatest economic benefits.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Enhanced-Efficiency Fertilizers Impact on Nitrogen Use Efficiency and Nitrous Oxide Emissions from an Open-Field Vegetable System in North China

Fan

Jiang

et al. 2022

Plants

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“…The median and coefficient of variation were 17,439 kg CO 2 eq ha −1 and 4.8%, respectively, indicating weak uncertainty in the evaluation results. NH 3 is one of the important reactive N pollutants [45] and is the main cause of land acidification. According to the LCA results (Figure 4), the TA of each treatment mainly occurred during the rice and wheat cultivation stages, accounting for 55.9% and 19.6%, respectively.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Environmental Impact Assessment of Rice–Wheat Rotation Considering Annual Nitrogen Application Rate

Yang,

Liu,

Chen

et al. 2024

Agronomy

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Rice–wheat rotation is a widely adopted multiple-cropping system in the Yangtze River Basin, China. Nitrogen (N) fertilizer is a key factor in regulating crop yield; however, only a few studies have considered the impact of annual N application on the yield, environmental impacts, and economic profits of rice–wheat rotation systems. In this study, a field experiment was conducted in the Jiangsu Province from 2020 to 2022. The rice and wheat seasons included six and five N fertilizer application rates, respectively (Rice: 0, 180, 240, 300, 360, and 420 kg N ha−1; Wheat: 0, 180, 240, 300, and 360 kg N ha−1), combined to form a total of 30 treatments. Life-cycle assessment was used to evaluate the environmental impacts of rice–wheat rotation under different N application treatments, using area, yield, and economic profit as functional units. Ten environmental impact categories were selected, including global warming. The results showed that grain yield did not consistently increase with an increase in N application, and the annual yield was the highest when 300 and 240 kg N ha−1 (R300W240 treatment) was applied in the rice and wheat seasons, respectively. The area-based weighting index of the R300W240 treatment ranked 20th among the 30 treatments, while the yield- and profit-based weighting indices were the lowest among the 30 treatments, decreasing by 14.9% and 28.7%, respectively, compared to the other treatments. The R300W240 treatment was the optimal annual N application strategy for rice–wheat rotation. Among the 10 environmental impacts considered, urea production contributed significantly to over eight environmental impacts, whereas the pollutant losses caused by its application contributed significantly to six environmental impacts. These findings reveal the dependence of the rice–wheat rotation system on the unsustainable use of N fertilizer and indicate that N fertilizer management practices should be further optimized to improve the environmental sustainability of grain production in the future.

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“…The wheat yellow mosaic disease occurs rampantly during the green-up and jointing stages, wherein it mainly infects the tip or middle of the heart of the leaf, resulting in yellowing and dwarfing of the plant [48]. Additionally, inappropriate N application methods and N application amounts result in soil hardening and environmental pollution [49,50]. During the greenup and jointing stages, nitrogen deficiency resulted in short, poorly divided wheat plants and yellow-green plants, which had a high degree of similarity in terms of appearance to that of yellow mosaic-infected plants.…”

Section: Similarity and Spectral Response Characteristics Of Nitrogen...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Improved Spectral Detection of Nitrogen Deficiency and Yellow Mosaic Disease Stresses in Wheat Using a Soil Effect Removal Algorithm and Machine Learning

et al. 2023

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Wheat yellow mosaic disease is a low-temperature and soil-borne disease. Crop infection by the yellow mosaic virus can lead to severe yield and economic losses. It is easily confused with nitrogen deficiency based on the plant’s morphological characteristics. Timely disease detection and crop management in the field require the precise identification of crop stress types. However, the detection of crop stress is often underappreciated. Wheat nitrogen deficiency and yellow mosaic disease were investigated in the field and wheat physiological and biochemical experiments were conducted to collect agronomic indicators, four years of reflectance spectral data at green-up and jointing were collected, and then studies for the detection of nitrogen deficiency and yellow mosaic disease stresses were carried out. The continuous removal (CR), first-order derivative (FD), standard normal variate (SNV), and spectral separation of soil and vegetation (3SV) preprocessing methods and 96 spectral indices were evaluated. The threshold method and variance inflation factor (TVIF) were used as feature selection methods combined with machine learning to develop a crop stress detection method. The results show that the most sensitive wavelengths are found in the 725–1000 nm region, while the sensitivity of the spectrum in the 400–725 nm region is lower. The PRI670,570, B, and RARSa spectral indices can detect nitrogen deficiency and yellow leaf disease stress, and the OA and Kappa values are 93.87% and 0.873, respectively, for PRI670,570, which is the best index. A 3SV-TVIF-SVM stress detection method was then proposed, using OA and Kappa values of 96.97% and 0.931, respectively, for field data validation. The results of the study can provide technical support and a theoretical basis for the accurate control of yellow mosaic disease and nitrogen fertilizer management in the field.

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Lowering nitrogen inputs and optimizing fertilizer types can reduce direct and indirect greenhouse gas emissions from rice-wheat rotation systems

Cited by 29 publications

References 46 publications

Enhanced-Efficiency Fertilizers Impact on Nitrogen Use Efficiency and Nitrous Oxide Emissions from an Open-Field Vegetable System in North China

Enhanced-Efficiency Fertilizers Impact on Nitrogen Use Efficiency and Nitrous Oxide Emissions from an Open-Field Vegetable System in North China

Environmental Impact Assessment of Rice–Wheat Rotation Considering Annual Nitrogen Application Rate

Improved Spectral Detection of Nitrogen Deficiency and Yellow Mosaic Disease Stresses in Wheat Using a Soil Effect Removal Algorithm and Machine Learning

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