Lowering of operational voltage of organic electroluminescent devices by coating indium-tin-oxide electrodes with a thin CuOx layer

Hu, Wenping; Manabe, Kaoru; Furukawa, Takumi; Matsumura, Michio

doi:10.1063/1.1469697

Cited by 69 publications

(50 citation statements)

References 15 publications

(12 reference statements)

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“…It has previously been postulated that the formation of Cu x O improves hole injection in FETs. [24] The small amount of O 2 adsorbed onto the organic layer is likely responsible for the formation of Cu x O. Cu 2 O has been widely studied as an inorganic semiconductor with a bandgap of 2.17 eV and an electron affinity of 3.2 eV, [25] which imply a valance band position of around 5.37 eV. The valance band position of Cu 2 O is aligned with the highest occupied molecular orbital of pentacene and tetracene, resulting in a dramatic reduction of the hole-injection barrier.…”

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confidence: 97%

High‐Performance Organic Field‐Effect Transistors with Low‐Cost Copper Electrodes

Liu

et al. 2008

Advanced Materials

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confidence: 97%

High‐Performance Organic Field‐Effect Transistors with Low‐Cost Copper Electrodes

Liu

et al. 2008

Advanced Materials

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“…Even further immersing the wire into 0.01 mol/L HCl acid for another 10 min, no obvious change was found. Such oxidation of metals by oxygen plasma has been described elsewhere [13][14][15][16] . Our results of surface X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy confirmed this oxidation because obvious satellite peaks at ~860 and ~880 eV (fingerprints of NiO) emerged after oxygen plasma treatment.…”

Section: Physical Chemistrymentioning

confidence: 99%

Surface nanostructures orienting self-protection of an orthodontic nickel-titanium shape memory alloys wire

Nie

Jun

et al. 2007

CHINESE SCI BULL

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Shape memory alloys (SMA) have been applied to a wide variety of applications in a number of different fields such as aeronautical applications, sensors/actuators, medical sciences as well as orthodontics.It is a hot topic to enhance the anti-corrosion ability of orthodontic wires for clinical applications. In this letter, a very nice fractal structure, micro-domains with identical nanometer sized grooves, was obtained on the surfaces of the orthodontic wires with an oxygen plasma and acid corrosion. The concave parts of the grooves were dominated by titanium and convex parts were the same as the bulk wires. The micro-nano fractal structure generated a hydrophobic surface with the largest contact angle to water being about 157°. The titanium dominated nanolayer and the hydrophobicity of the surface resulted in jointly the great improvement of the anti-corrosion ability of the orthodontic wires. Because the fractal structures of the wires were formed automatically when they immersed in acidic environment, hence, the self-protection of the oxygen plasma-treated orthodontic wires in acidic environment indicates their potential applications in orthodontics, and should be also inspirable for other applications of SMA materials.nanostructures, self-protection, orthodontics, nickel-titanium shape memory alloys wire Shape memory alloys (SMA) have been applied to a wide variety of applications in a number of different fields such as aeronautical applications, sensors/actuators and medical sciences because of their very unique properties, super-elasticity and the shape memory effect (originating from the solid-to-solid phase transformation from martensite to austenite). The first application of SMA to orthodontics could be tracked back to the 1980s, in which Andreasen and Hilleman [1] used nickel-titanium alloys wires to align the teeth. The success of their attempt accelerated the application of various SMA wires in orthodontics (Figure 1). The SMA wires for orthodontics require the wires with not only superelasticity, but also good bio-compatibility and better anti-corrosion ability. The corrosion of the nickel-titanium orthodontic wire will influence not only the superelasticity of the wire and its clinical treatments, but also influence the bio-compatibility. For example, the corrosion products such as Ni 2+ of the wire adsorbed by gum will make the gum become black, and some people are even allergic to Ni 2+ . Hence, it is rather important to enhance the anti-corrosion ability of orthodontic wires for clinical applications.Orthodontic wires stay in oral environment every day, i.e., in a "water" (saliva) environment. There is a little influence of neutral and alkaline foods to the wires by virtue of our clinical experiences. But acidic foods (e.g., vinegar and Chinese sauerkrauts) are corrosive due to the long stay of the wires in mouth. As we know, the corrosion of alloys takes place when the corrosion "micro-

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“…[9] Several groups have reported results based on methods that modify the electrodes and improve injection properties. [9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16] Indium tin oxide (ITO) has been the preferred anode for all organic optoelectronic devices, owing to its optical transparency. However, the work function of ITO is quite low (even after processing methods including special ITO treatments such as plasma or oxygen treatment).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…One method of increasing the work function of ITO is to include additional engineering at the ITO/organic interface using high-work-function metal oxides or self-assembled monolayers between the ITO and organic material to increase the hole-injection efficiencies. [10][11][12][13] The most common way to improve hole injection/extraction is to incorporate a hole-transporting layer (buffer layer) such as poly (3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrene sulfonate) (PEDOT: PSS) on top of the ITO surface. [14,15] One of the main features of the buffer layer is that it increases the hole injection from the ITO to the organic layer by increasing the work function of the anode.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Interface Modification to Improve Hole‐Injection Properties in Organic Electronic Devices

Choulis¹,

Choong²,

Patwardhan³

et al. 2006

Adv Funct Materials

120

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The performance of organic electronic devices is often limited by injection. In this paper, improvement of hole injection in organic electronic devices by conditioning of the interface between the hole‐conducting layer (buffer layer) and the active organic semiconductor layer is demonstrated. The conditioning is performed by spin‐coating poly(9,9‐dioctyl‐fluorene‐co‐N‐ (4‐butylphenyl)‐diphenylamine) (TFB) on top of the poly(3,4‐ethylene dioxythiophene): poly(styrene sulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) buffer layer, followed by an organic solvent wash, which results in a TFB residue on the surface of the PEDOT:PSS. Changes in the hole‐injection energy barriers, bulk charge‐transport properties, and current–voltage characteristics observed in a representative PFO‐based (PFO: poly(9,9‐dioctylfluorene)) diode suggest that conditioning of PEDOT:PSS surface with TFB creates a stepped electronic profile that dramatically improves the hole‐injection properties of organic electronic devices.

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Lowering of operational voltage of organic electroluminescent devices by coating indium-tin-oxide electrodes with a thin CuOx layer

Cited by 69 publications

References 15 publications

High‐Performance Organic Field‐Effect Transistors with Low‐Cost Copper Electrodes

High‐Performance Organic Field‐Effect Transistors with Low‐Cost Copper Electrodes

Surface nanostructures orienting self-protection of an orthodontic nickel-titanium shape memory alloys wire

Interface Modification to Improve Hole‐Injection Properties in Organic Electronic Devices

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