Loyalist Paramilitary Violence after the Belfast Agreement

Steenkamp, Christina

doi:10.1080/17449050701847285

Cited by 8 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…The loyalist paramilitaries have used violence in pursuit of a variety of goals, both before and after the Good Friday Agreement. These goals were at times economic in the interest of their organised criminal activities and sometimes political in their opposition to the Republican paramilitaries, and their violence served social goals when used to establish and maintain social control within their communities and within their organisations (Steenkamp, 2008). But, it is their use of social violence as exemplified in their vigilante activities, which is the focus of this chapter.…”

Section: Vigilantism In Northern Irelandmentioning

confidence: 98%

Violent Societies

Steenkamp

2014

Self Cite

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Series editor: Roger Mac Ginty, Professor of Peace and Conflict Studies, University of Manchester, UKThis exciting series provides a space in which to interrogate and challenge much of the conventional wisdom on political violence. Books in the series are at the forefront of research, pushing forward new debate in the field of political violence without rehashing clichés about security, violence and 'terrorism'. Authors from both the critical and orthodox perspectives use the book series to reappraise some of the fundamental questions facing societies on how to deal with and interpret organised violence. Many of the books in the series are comparative, draw on fieldwork, and use insights from a variety of methodologies.

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Section: Vigilantism In Northern Irelandmentioning

confidence: 98%

Violent Societies

Steenkamp

2014

Self Cite

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“…Despite these achievements and a reflexive insight into how they were seen, they lacked confidence and felt 'left behind' by Republicans, 'big house' Unionists and the British government. Loyalist guides lacked the critical mass and solidarity of the Republicans, and did not have the same level of focus (Mitchell, 2017), as indicated by the failure to successfully decommission (McEvoy and Shirlow, 2009), the ongoing feuds (Steenkamp, 2008), political isolation (Graham, 2004) and the lack of a voice (Hall, 2006).…”

Section: Politics and Propagandamentioning

confidence: 99%

The role of ex-paramilitaries and former prisoners in political tourism

Nisbett

Rapson

2020

Political Geography

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“…The continuing lower level of violence beyond 1998 is largely a result of spoiler activities of dissident groups who do not support the Agreement, feuding amongst Loyalist paramilitary groups and Loyalist contests over flag displays (Steenkamp, 2008).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Injured and disabled casualties of the Northern Ireland conflict: issues in immediate and long-term treatment, care and support

Breen-Smyth

2013

Medicine, Conflict and Survival

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Even though injury due to armed conflict is more commonly caused than death, research into injury due to Northern Ireland's four decades of otherwise exhaustively documented conflict is sparse. This article reports on a 2011 study based on interviews with 30 people seriously physically injured in the conflict and 20 of their carers and a self-administered questionnaire survey of a further 76 people injured in political violence in Northern Ireland. All injured respondents reported that emergency medical emergency treatment had been excellent. Those injured in the 1970s reported low expectations of their life expectancy and rehabilitation, a lack of psychological support and lack of help with chronic injury-related conditions. More recently injured people had psychological support and were more successfully rehabilitated but those injured earlier often saw it as 'too late' for psychological help.Influences on wellbeing seem to be: changing professional standards and awareness; policies acknowledging of the effects of conflict; anti-discrimination legislation; development of rehabilitation services; and the reform of disability benefits. Inter alia, health professionals' attitudes towards victims and their treatment of injury appear to have a significant influence on outcomes for injured people.

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Loyalist Paramilitary Violence after the Belfast Agreement

Cited by 8 publications

References 24 publications

Violent Societies

Violent Societies

The role of ex-paramilitaries and former prisoners in political tourism

Injured and disabled casualties of the Northern Ireland conflict: issues in immediate and long-term treatment, care and support

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