LPG-Fueled Vehicles: An Overview of Technology and Market Trend

Kivevele, Thomas; Raja, Thirunavukkarasu; Pirouzfar, Vahid; Waluyo, Budi; Setiyo, Muji

doi:10.31603/ae.v3i1.3334

Cited by 37 publications

(33 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…Application of various gaseous fuels, bioethanol blended with gasoline -E85, or gasoline with high biocomponents content, could help to decrease CO2 emissions. That is caused by the more beneficial hydrogen/carbon ratio for these fuels comparing to petrol [18]- [20].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effects of Use of the Range Extender in a Small Commercial Electric Vehicle

Noga

Gorczyca

Hebda

2020

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Research on the effects of the use of the range extender developed for a small commercial electric vehicle was presented in this paper. The range extender has a maximum output power of 2.65 kW. The developed auxiliary power unit consists of a three-phase generator propelled by an industrial low-power spark-ignition engine. The exhaust system was improved using a more efficient muffler. The implemented motorcycle muffler has a three-way catalyst (TWC) integrated inside. The use of the more advanced exhaust system aimed at reducing noise and exhaust emissions of the range extender. The efficient operation of the three-way catalytic converter requires a stoichiometric air-fuel ratio. To enable desired air-fuel ratio a fuel system was modified. In the first stage of research, the effects of improvements of the exhaust system on the range extender noise emissions were quantified. The next step covered the research of the fuel conversion efficiency, the exhaust gas composition, and the efficiency of conversion of the three-way catalyst. A significant decrease of noise and toxic gas emissions and an increase in the fuel conversion efficiency were revealed. The mentioned research was conducted in stationary conditions. After that, in the final part research of the running vehicle with the range extender on was made. The beneficial outcome of these tests enabled the development of a set of rules of the control of the range extender.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effects of Use of the Range Extender in a Small Commercial Electric Vehicle

Noga

Gorczyca

Hebda

2020

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“…For only a few countries, such as the Netherlands, Turkey and Poland, LPG makes a major difference to passenger vehicles. In developing countries such as India and Turkey, during 2013-2017, there was an increase in the number of LPG vehicles but tended to decline in developed countries such as South Korea and Japan because of the penetration of electric vehicles that were more environmentally friendly [9]. The high octane number (especially propane) enables it to be applied to SI engines with higher compression ratios so that its thermal efficiency is higher.…”

Section: Liquefied Petroleum Gas (Lpg)mentioning

confidence: 99%

LPG – CNG - Biofuel for Land Transportation Fuel in Indonesia: Overview, Opportunities, and Challenges

Rifa’i¹

2020

IJETER

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The rate of Indonesian oil imports has increased from 1980 to the present, despite fluctuations. The transportation sector is the largest oil consumption above the industrial and household sectors. The availability, price, and environment factors also make a reason to think about cleaner fuels. Therefore, we conducted a review of the experience of implementing alternative fuels. At present, LPG, CNG, ethanol and biodiesel are good candidates to replace conventional fuels for land transportation in Indonesia. For gas-based fuels, LPG is relatively easy to implement because it only requires a slight modification to the engine but it is not suitable for the future because it is a refinery product. CNG provides advantages over LPG. The lower carbon content and high octane number provide better environmental effects and can be applied to machines with a higher compression ratio. For biofuels, ethanol has almost all the main characteristics for cleaner SI engine fuels. Indonesia has abundant biodiversity to produce ethanol. However, large-scale production will conflict with the availability of land for food crop production. Biodiesel has been produced on a large scale in Indonesia. Palm oil, Jatropha curcas, sunflowers and all seeds containing oil can be planted on all islands in Indonesia. One feature of biodiesel is that it can be applied independently or mixed with diesel oil. With improved quality, biodiesel can be applied to diesel engines without engine modification. This makes biodiesel more feasible for diesel engines than ethanol for gasoline engines.

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“…Biomass selection, thermal management, and waste pyrolysis have been done to cut down on fossil fuel use (Adetunji et al, 2021;Elehinafe et al, 2021;Sunaryo et al, 2021;Supriyanto et al, 2019). Cleaner fuels like liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) and compressed natural gas (CNG) have been used, but they have not been able to replace conventional fuels like gasoline and diesel oil on a larger scale (Kivevele et al, 2020;Munahar et al, 2021;Susanto & Setiyo, 2018). Ethanol has also been introduced for a long time, even from local sources (Syarifudin et al, 2020;Wahyu et al, 2019), but implementation on a larger scale still remains a challenge due to uncompetitive market prices.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Green Heterogeneous Catalyst Production and Characterization for Biodiesel Production using RSM and ANN Approach

Kolakoti¹,

Setiyo

Rochman

2022

Int. J. Renew. Energy Dev.

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In this work, naturally available moringa oleifera leaves are chosen as a heterogeneous catalyst for biodiesel production from palm oil. The dry moringa oleifera leaves are calcinated up to 700 °C for 3 hours to improve their adsorbing property. The calcinated catalyst characterization analysis from XRD and EDX highlights the presence of calcium, potassium, and other elements. Response surface method (RSM) optimization and artificial neural network (ANN) modeling were carried out to elucidate the interaction effect of significant process variables on biodiesel yield. The results show that a maximum biodiesel yield of 92.82% was achieved at optimum conditions of catalyst usage (9 wt.%), molar ratio (7:1), temperature (50 °C) and reaction time (120 min). The catalyst usage (wt.%) was identified as a significant process variable followed by molar ratio. Furthermore, the significant fuel properties of the biodiesel related to thermal, physical, chemical, and elemental match with the established standards of ASTM. The reutilization analysis of the catalyst reveals that more than 50% of the biodiesel yield was achieved after five cycles of reuse.

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LPG-Fueled Vehicles: An Overview of Technology and Market Trend

Cited by 37 publications

References 40 publications

The Effects of Use of the Range Extender in a Small Commercial Electric Vehicle

The Effects of Use of the Range Extender in a Small Commercial Electric Vehicle

LPG – CNG - Biofuel for Land Transportation Fuel in Indonesia: Overview, Opportunities, and Challenges

A Green Heterogeneous Catalyst Production and Characterization for Biodiesel Production using RSM and ANN Approach

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