LPS-induced immune response in Drosophila

Imler, Jean‐Luc; Tauszig, Servane; Jouanguy, Emmanuelle; Forestier, Claire; Hoffmann, Jules A.

doi:10.1177/09680519000060060801

Cited by 42 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…Several previous studies have shown that commercial LPS preparations induce the expression of antibacterial peptide genes in Drosophila 23,24 ; however, our injections of highly purified LPS from two Gram-negative bacteria, Salmonella typhimurium and Escherichia coli, did not stimulate the expression of Dpt-lacZ as compared with control water injections (Fig. 1a).…”

Section: Lps Does Not Induce Dpt Expression In Vivomentioning

confidence: 60%

The Drosophila immune system detects bacteria through specific peptidoglycan recognition

et al. 2003

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The Drosophila immune system discriminates between different classes of infectious microbes and responds with pathogen-specific defense reactions through selective activation of the Toll and the immune deficiency (Imd) signaling pathways. The Toll pathway mediates most defenses against Gram-positive bacteria and fungi, whereas the Imd pathway is required to resist infection by Gram-negative bacteria. The bacterial components recognized by these pathways remain to be defined. Here we report that Gram-negative diaminopimelic acid-type peptidoglycan is the most potent inducer of the Imd pathway and that the Toll pathway is predominantly activated by Gram-positive lysine-type peptidoglycan. Thus, the ability of Drosophila to discriminate between Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria relies on the recognition of specific forms of peptidoglycan.

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Section: Lps Does Not Induce Dpt Expression In Vivomentioning

confidence: 60%

The Drosophila immune system detects bacteria through specific peptidoglycan recognition

et al. 2003

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“…Some Tolls could well play roles in immunological events; for example, Toll-5 may induce Drosomycin and Metchnikowin expression (21,23,24). In addition, Toll-5 has been shown to interact with the intracytoplasmic domains of Toll and Pelle, leading to the activation of Dorsal-dependent transcription in a synergistic manner with Toll (24).…”

Section: Drosophila Toll Receptorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Drosophila Toll Signaling Pathway

Valanne¹,

Wang²,

Rämet

2011

The Journal of Immunology

772

626

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The identification of the Drosophila melanogaster Toll pathway cascade and the subsequent characterization of TLRs have reshaped our understanding of the immune system. Ever since, Drosophila NF-κB signaling has been actively studied. In flies, the Toll receptors are essential for embryonic development and immunity. In total, nine Toll receptors are encoded in the Drosophila genome, including the Toll pathway receptor Toll. The induction of the Toll pathway by Gram-positive bacteria or fungi leads to the activation of cellular immunity as well as the systemic production of certain antimicrobial peptides. The Toll receptor is activated when the proteolytically cleaved ligand Spatzle binds to the receptor, eventually leading to the activation of the NF-κB factors Dorsal-related immunity factor or Dorsal. In this study, we review the current literature on the Toll pathway and compare the Drosophila and mammalian NF-κB pathways.

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“…Septic injury may alter the physiology of the animals in addition to immune induction, and the use of cell cultures may introduce exogenous factors present in the growth media [Samakovlis et al, 1992;Han and Ip, 1999;Imler et al, 2000;Leulier et al, 2003;Werner et al, 2003]. We report here the development of fly strains bearing GFP-NF-kB reporter proteins to test whether Drosophila tissues can be used as an ex vivo system to study microbial stimulation.…”

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confidence: 97%

Hemolymph‐dependent and ‐independent responses in Drosophila immune tissue

Bettencourt

Asha

Dearolf

et al. 2004

J of Cellular Biochemistry

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Insects possess an antimicrobial defense response that is similar to the mammalian innate immune response. The innate immune system is designed to recognize conserved components of microorganisms called pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs). How host receptors detect PAMPs and transmit the signals to mount the immune response is being elucidated. Using GFP-Dorsal, -Dif, and -Relish reporter proteins in ex vivo assays, we demonstrate that Drosophila fat bodies, a major immune tissue, have both hemolymph-dependent and -independent responses. Microbial preparations such as lipoteichoic acid (LTA) and peptidoglycan (PGN) can stimulate some responses from dissected and rinsed larval fat bodies. Therefore, at least some aspects of recognition can occur on fat body cell surfaces, bypassing the requirement of hemolymph. Our results also show that supernatants from bacterial cultures can stimulate the nuclear translocation of Dorsal in dissected fat bodies, but this stimulation is strictly hemolymph-dependent. Various biochemical assays suggest that the factors from bacterial supernatants that stimulate the hemolymph-dependent nuclear translocation are likely made up of proteins. We further show that Dorsal mutant larvae have much lower phenoloxidase activity, consistent with a more important role of Dorsal in innate immunity than previously shown.

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LPS-induced immune response in Drosophila

Cited by 42 publications

References 17 publications

The Drosophila immune system detects bacteria through specific peptidoglycan recognition

The Drosophila immune system detects bacteria through specific peptidoglycan recognition

The Drosophila Toll Signaling Pathway

Hemolymph‐dependent and ‐independent responses in Drosophila immune tissue

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