&lt;b&gt;Aerobic bacteria in oral cavity of Lancehead snakes (&lt;i&gt;Bothrops atrox&lt;/i&gt;) with stomatitis

Pereira, Heloísa Castro; Gomes, Dayane Olímpia; Hirano, Líria Queiroz Luz; Santos, André Luíz Quagliatto; Lima, Anna Monteiro Correia

doi:10.4025/actascibiolsci.v39i3.34625

Cited by 2 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…Gram-negative aerobic bacteria were mainly isolated in this study. This was comparable to the findings of the aerobes found in the oral cavities of Lancehead snakes (Bothrops atrox) with evidence of stomatitis (Pereira et al, 2017). The predominant gram-negative aerobes were Aeromonas spp., K. pneumoniae, Alcaligenes faecalis and K. oxytoca.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 84%

“…with Staphylococcus spp. being the only isolated Gram-positive bacterium (Pereira et al, 2017). Several risk factors contribute to the development of infectious stomatitis in snakes, including mites' infestation, malnutrition, oral trauma, poor oral hygiene, neoplasia, inappropriate husbandry, and stress (Kaplan and Jereb, 1995;Mehler and Bennett, 2006).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…When infected, the majority of routinely isolated Gram-negative aerobes reported were Aeromonas hydrophila (A. hydrophila), Pseudomonas spp., E. coli, Stenotrophomonas (S.) maltophilia, Salmonella spp., Klebsiella spp., Serratia spp., and Providencia spp. (Mehler and Bennett, 2006;Jho et al, 2011a;2011b;Pereira et al, 2017).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Bacterial Stomatitis in Wild Reticulated Pythons (Malayopython reticulatus) in Malaysia

Sharina,

Jian,

Azlan

2023

WVJ

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Bacterial stomatitis is a common clinical form of upper alimentary tract disease in reptiles. The current study aimed to isolate and identify the common aerobes in the oral cavities of wild reticulated pythons and to profile their antimicrobial susceptibility. The need to conduct the current research was deemed in parallel with the increasing demand for snakes as pets and the growing emergence of multiple-drug-resistant organisms. A total of 40 fresh carcasses of the wild-caught reticulated pythons were assessed for the presence or absence of stomatitis. Oral swabs were obtained and cultured on blood and MacConkey agar media. The colony and cellular morphologies of the isolates were evaluated, followed by Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacterial identification. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed using Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method against selected antibiotics, namely gentamicin (GEN), amoxicillin (AMX), cephalexin (LEX), azithromycin (AZM), tetracycline (TET), and ciprofloxacin (CIP), commonly used to treat bacterial infection in reptiles. Results indicated that the prevalence of stomatitis was 77.5%. Among 153 isolates identified, 76.47% of bacteria were identified from pythons with stomatitis lesions, while 23.53% of bacteria were identified from pythons without stomatitis. Of 153 isolates, Gram-negative bacteria were shown to be predominant (94.77%). The three most isolated bacterial species were Aeromonas spp. (14.38%), Klebsiella pneumoniae (11.76%), and Alcaligenes faecalis (8.5%). Meanwhile, coagulase-negative Staphylococcus spp. (4.58%) and Corynebacterium spp. (0.66%) were the only isolated Gram-positive aerobes. Most isolates were observed to be equally susceptible to GEN and CIP (at 95.8%) but highly resistant to AMX (83.3%) and LEX (75.0%). In conclusion, bacterial stomatitis in wild-caught reticulated pythons was highly prevalent and often seen as a mixed bacterial infection (96.8%). The isolated bacteria consistently show susceptibility towards GEN and CIP and thus could be considered the primary line of antibiotics in treating this disease.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 84%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Bacterial Stomatitis in Wild Reticulated Pythons (Malayopython reticulatus) in Malaysia

Sharina,

Jian,

Azlan

2023

WVJ

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“…Clostridiaceae [24] Citrobacter braaki Enterobacteriaceae [17,18] Citrobacter diversus Enterobacteriaceae [25] Citrobacter freundii Enterobacteriaceae [14,22] [18,25,19] Citrobacter sp. Enterobacteriaceae [17,[23][24][25][26] Citrobacter youngae Enterobacteriaceae [18] Enterobacter aerogenes Enterobacteriaceae [27] Enterobacter cloacae Enterobacteriaceae [14,20] [18,25,19] Enterobacteriaceae [17] Enterococcus faecalis Enterococcaceae [23] Enterococcus sp. Enterococcaceae [19] Kocuria kristinae Micrococcaceae [17] Kocuria varians or Kocuria palustris Micrococcaceae [17] Micrococcus sp.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antimicrobial activity of Amazonian plant species against the causative agents of secondary infection in snakebites

Souza

Moura

Mourão

et al. 2021

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Riverine communities in the Brazilian Amazon region use a variety of plants to treat snakebites. These plants can be effective against secondary infections, one of the main complications of snakebites. The aim of this study was to determine whether plants traditionally used to treat snakebites in the Brazilian Amazon may also have antimicrobial and antioxidant activities, and if so, which classes of chemicals may be responsible for these activities. Aqueous extracts of nine plants were tested in microdilution assays and the more active were prepared using solvents (hexane, methanol and water) and decoction, and nine assays were performed. Assays to determine the antioxidant activity of the most active species were carried out, as well as phytochemistry studies to determine the active components of this species. Bellucia dichotoma exhibited the greatest antimicrobial potential, particularly the hexane, methanol and decoction extracts. In comparative TLC, extracts of this species showed characteristics of terpenoids, compounds with double bonds and flavonoids. In 1H NMR, characteristic signals of sterols such as β-sitosterol, stigmasterols or triterpenes were observed, as well as signals indicating the presence of aromatic hydrogens, characteristic of aromatic substances, and sugars. The methanol extracts and decoction were considered active in the antioxidant assay.

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<b>Aerobic bacteria in oral cavity of Lancehead snakes (<i>Bothrops atrox</i>) with stomatitis

Cited by 2 publications

References 10 publications

Bacterial Stomatitis in Wild Reticulated Pythons (Malayopython reticulatus) in Malaysia

Bacterial Stomatitis in Wild Reticulated Pythons (Malayopython reticulatus) in Malaysia

Antimicrobial activity of Amazonian plant species against the causative agents of secondary infection in snakebites

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