<b>Analysis of indicators of osteogenesis, cytotoxicity and genotoxicity of an experimental β-TCP compared to other bone substitutes

Abstract

ABSTRACT. The aim of this study was to evaluate the indicators of osteogenesis, cytotoxicity and genotoxicity of an experimental beta tri-calcium phosphate (experimental β-TCP) compared with two other bone substitutes: bovine hydroxyapatite (HA) (Bio-Oss ® -Geistlich) and beta tri-calcium phosphate (β-TCP -Bionnovation). The cell viability and genotoxicity were measured by MTT and MNT assay, respectively. The indicators of osteogenesis were analyzed by alkaline phosphatase activity, total protein content, and calcium deposition. The MTT and MNT assay showed that none of the tested materials was cytotoxic nor genotoxic. Concerning the indicators of osteogenesis, it was observed that cells in contact with all the materials were able to induce the osteogenesis and this process was influenced by the period of the cell culture in contact with bone substitutes. Based on the results of this study, it was concluded that this experimental β-TCP appears to be a promising material as a bone substitute.Keywords: Beta tri-calcium phosphate, bovine hydroxyapatite.Análise dos indicadores da osteogênese, citotoxicidade e genotoxicidade de um β-TCP experimental comparado a outros substitutos ósseos RESUMO. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar os indicadores da osteogênese, citotoxicidade e genotoxicidade de um beta-tricálcio fosfato (β-TCP experimental) comparado com dois outros substitutos ósseos : Hidroxiapatita Bovina (HA) (Bio-Oss ® -Geistlich) e beta-tricálcio fosfato (β-TCPBionnovation). A viabilidade celular e genotoxicidade foram mensuradas pelos ensaios MTT e MNT, respectivamente. Os indicadores da osteogênese foram analisados pela atividade de fosfatase alcalina (ALP), conteúdo de proteína total, e deposição de cálcio. Os ensaios MTT e MNT mostraram que nenhum dos materiais testados foi citotóxico ou genotóxico. Em relação aos indicadores da osteogênese, foi observado que as células em contato com todos os materiais foram capazes de induzir a osteogênese, e que esse processo foi influenciado pelo período da cultura celular em contato com os substitutos ósseos. Baseado nos resultados desse estudo, conclui-se que este β-TCP experimental parece ser um material promissor para ser utilizado como substituto ósseo.Palavras-chave: Beta-tricálcio fosfato, Hidroxiapatita Bovina.

Evaluation of Two Beta-Tricalcium Phosphates with Different Particle Dimensions in Human Maxillary Sinus Floor Elevation: A Prospective, Randomized Clinical Trial

“…Two biomaterials with different particle sizes and diameters were compared in the present study. ChronOS has particles sizes ranging from 500 to 700 µm and micropores with 10 µm of diameter [ 21 , 22 ], while the Bion of Group 3 has particle sizes of 100 to 500 µm and micropores ranging from 0.07 to 0.11 µm in diameter [ 23 ]. The differences of porosity presented by both biomaterials evaluated in the present study were verified in the new bone formed after 6 months of bone repair.…”

“…The BETA-TCP ® (Bionnovation ® , Biomedical, Sao Paulo, Brazil) is a β-TCP with microporosity ranging from 0.1 to 0.5 mm in diameter and composed of calcium hydroxide, phosphoric acid, and approximately 95% of calcium phosphate proportion in its formula with an absence of cytotoxicity [ 23 ]. In the present research, the authors referred to “Bion” as BETA-TCP ® to facilitate the interpretation of our results by the readers.…”

“…One of these biomaterials is the beta-tricalcium phosphate [β-TCP], a ceramic, alloplastic, biocompatible, and osteoconductive bone graft with rapid resorption that has been used in dental reconstruction during the years with similar results to autogenous bone graft in histometry and tridimensional volumetric changes [ 11 , 13 , 14 , 15 , 16 , 17 , 18 , 19 , 20 , 21 , 22 , 23 ]. However, histomorphometric studies showing this bioceramic as an alternative to human maxillary sinus bone height reconstruction are lacking in the literature.…”

“…Runt-related transcription factor 2 (RUNX2) is a protein responsible for regulating osteoblastic differentiation and bone formation. Its gene expression influences skeletal growth and bone turnover in the early stages of osteoblastic differentiation [ 19 , 20 , 21 , 22 , 23 , 24 ]. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is one of the most important growth factors for the regulation of vascular development and angiogenesis.…”

“…Since angiogenesis plays an important role in the osteogenesis process, VEGF influences skeletal development and postnatal bone repair. It is regulated by many factors, including growth and transcription factors, hormones, mechanical stimuli, and mainly hypoxia [ 23 , 25 ]. In order to understand the osteoblastic differentiation process during the bone repair period, the use of the specific protein marker runt-related transcriptor factor 2, in immunohistochemical analysis complements the histomorphometric findings, as well as the vascular endothelial growth factor, highlights the event of vascular neoformation [ 19 , 20 ].…”