<b>Essential oil from <i>Chenopodium ambrosioides</i> L.: secretory structures, antibacterial and antioxidant activities

Abstract

ABSTRACT. The aim of this study was to evaluate the antibacterial and antioxidant activities of essential oil from Chenopodium ambrosioides L. and to determine its secretory structures. The essential oil was extracted through the hydrodistillation technique using a modified Clevenger apparatus (2 hours) and chemically characterized by GC/MS and GC-FID. The antioxidant activity was determined by monitoring the reduction of 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and by the oxidation of the β-carotene/linoleic acid system. The evaluation of antibacterial activity was performed by the agar cavity diffusion technique using the microorganisms Staphylococcus aureus, Listeria monocytogenes, Escherichia coli and Salmonella Cholerasuis. The characterization of trichomes was accomplished by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and histochemical tests with Nadi and Sudan IV reagents. The antioxidant activity demonstrated by the β-carotene/acid linoleic test, with IC 50 = 455.7 μg mL -1 . This oil also presented antibacterial activity for both Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria. The minimal inhibitory concentration ranged 62.5 to 250 μL mL -1. The presence of terpenes in the glandular trichomes was observed, suggesting that the essential oil is secreted by these structures.Keywords: natural products, antioxidant assays, antimicrobial, trichomes.Óleo essencial de Chenopodium ambrosioides L.: estruturas secretoras, atividade antibacteriana e antioxidante RESUMO. Objetivou-se neste trabalho avaliar as atividades antibacteriana e antioxidante do óleo essencial de Chenopodium ambrosioides L. e determinar as suas estruturas secretoras. A extração do óleo essencial foi realizada pelo método de hidrodestilação, utilizando o aparelho de Clevenger modificado com duração de 2 horas, sendo, posteriormente, analisado por CG/EM e CG-DIC. A atividade antioxidante foi determinada monitorando-se a redução do radical livre DPPH (2,2-difenil-1-picril-hidrazila) e utilizando o ensaio de oxidação do sistema β-caroteno/ácido linoleico. A avaliação da atividade antibacteriana foi realizada por meio da técnica difusão cavidade em ágar, utilizando os micro-organismos Staphylococcus aureus, Listeria monocytogenes, Escherichia coli e Salmonella Cholerasuis. A caracterização dos tricomas foi realizada por Microscopia Eletrônica de Varredura (MEV) e pelos testes histoquímicos com os reagentes de Nadi e Sudan IV. A atividade antioxidante foi evidenciada pelo teste β-caroteno/ácido linoleico, com CI 50 455,7 μg mL -1. O óleo também apresentou atividade antibacteriana tanto para bactérias Gram-negativas como para Gram-positivas. A concentração mínima inibitória do mesmo variou entre 62,5 e 250 μL mL -1. Constatouse a presença de compostos terpênicos nos tricomas glandulares, inferindo-se que o óleo essencial seja secretado nessas estruturas.Palavras-chave: produtos naturais, ensaios antioxidantes, antimicrobiano, tricomas.

Ethnomedical uses, chemical constituents, and evidence-based pharmacological properties of Chenopodium ambrosioides L.: extensive overview

“…Aqueous infusion and ethanolic extract showed a protective effect against lipid oxidation from raw pork meat and their products by reducing significantly (p < 0.05) compared to control values [242]. Essential oils from leaf extract produced the antioxidant effect by capturing the DPPH radical [199]. On the other hand, C. ambrosioides elevated antioxidant enzyme activities in response to Cu-toxicity [282].…”

“…In fact, with a MIC value of 0.1 mg/ml [260]. Essential oils inhibited Gram-positive (Listeria monocytogenes) growth and Gram-negative bacteria [199]. Pharmacological screening of medicinal plants from South African used against common skin pathogens reported the efficacy of dichloromethanemethanol extract on Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Brevibacillus agri, Propionibacterium acnes, and Trichophyton mentagrophytes with MIC values of 0.80, 0.50, 0.25, 0.50, 0.40, and 0.25 mg/ml respectively.…”

“…Two isomers of terpinene were found, and β-terpinene (3.82%) has been the most cited than αterpinene (2.94%). However, from 37 studies on chemical composition essential oil of C. ambrosioides, as presented in the above table, α-terpinene was found to be the main constituent (40.5%) of essential oils from different countries include Brazil [197][198][199], Cameroon [200], China [201], Colombia [202], Egypt [203], India [204][205][206], Morocco [207], Nigeria [13], and Rwanda [208]. His concentration was variable according to countries and used parts.…”

Influence of Cold Storage on the Bioactivity Properties and the Quality of the Juice of Moro Blood Orange (&lt;i&gt;Citrus sinensis&lt;/i&gt; (L.) Osbeck)

“…Apparently, sequestering of the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picryl-hydrazyl radical (DPPH) occurred because the absorbances after the reaction of DPPH with the different concentrations of the samples were significantly lower than that observed for the blank (DPPH + ethanol) [11] [27]. Thus, the extracts exhibited antioxidant activity.…”

Volatile chemical composition of essential oil from <i>Bursera graveolens</i> (Kunth) Triana & Planch and their fumigant and repellent activities

“…The different parts of the plant, e.g., leaves, stems and resin, have been used in folk medicine (Peru, Costa Rica, Nicaragua, Guatemala, Cuba, Colombia), in different forms (smoked, infusions, cataplasms, compresses), as healing, abortive, anti-inflammatory, anti-tumor, analgesic, antidiarrheal, depurative, diaphoretic, expectorant, insecticidal, for the treatment of anemia, rheumatism, dermatitis, asthma and colic as well as a mosquito repellent (Nakanishi et al, 2005;Zúñiga et al, 2005;Monzote, Hill, Cuellar, Scull, & Setzer, 2012). Essential oil obtained from B. graveolens has shown diverse activities as an anti-inflammatory (Zuñiga et al, 2005;Manzano-Santana et al, 2009), antiproliferative (Monzote et al, 2012), antioxidant and antimicrobial agent (Andrade-Santiago et al, 2016;Sotelo-Mendez, Figueroa-Cornejo, Césare-Coral, & Alegría-Arnedo, 2017).…”