<b> Intoxicações por agrotóxicos: registros de um serviço sentinela de assistência toxicológica/ Pesticide poisoning: records of a toxicological assistance sentinel service<b>

Abstract

RESUMONa vigilância das populações expostas a agrotóxicos, é relevante o protagonismo da rede nacional de centros de informação e assistência toxicológica para produção de dados confiáveis sobre as intoxicações. O objetivo do estudo foi caracterizar as intoxicações por agrotóxicos reportadas a um centro de assistência toxicológica do Paraná, por meio de análise retrospectiva de fichas epidemiológicas de Ocorrência Toxicológica de 1240 indivíduos com diagnóstico médico de intoxicação aguda ou crônica por agrotóxicos, registrados no período de 2003 a 2011. Foram verificados sexo e idade das vítimas, classificação química dos agrotóxicos, e circunstância, gravidade e desfecho dos eventos. Os dados foram tabulados em planilha no Software Excel 2007 e analisados por estatística descritiva simples. A média foi de 138 intoxicações/ano. O perfil das intoxicações apontou predomínio do sexo masculino e em idade produtiva; destaque para as profissões agrícolas e a presença de trabalho infantil e do idoso; alta incidência de intoxicação por inseticidas inibidores das colinesterases e maioria dos casos notificados por unidades hospitalares; maior percentual de intoxicações e óbitos na circunstância intencional; e maior proporção de cura. No entanto, elevadas taxas de internação em terapia intensiva e a letalidade indicaram gravidade dos casos.Palavras-chave: Envenenamento. Praguicidas. Notificação de doenças.

Exposure to agricultural pesticides and use of personal protection equipment by small-scale farmers in a municipality of Minas Gerais, Brazil

“…Among the entire population of Brazil, agricultural producers are the most exposed to agrochemicals, either through direct contact, frequency of use, or even through inadequate use by not using personal protection equipment (PPE). For this reason, these farmers represent the portion of the population that is most at risk for suffering severe intoxication through contact with these products, and also to develop cumulative effects (Hungaro et al, 2015;Viero et al, 2016).…”

“…It is not just chronic diseases that are related to the use of these products, but severe intoxication is also common, which can result in inhibition of acetylcholinesterase resulting in cholinergic hyperstimulation (Cavalcanti et al, 2016, which can cause diarrhea, vomiting, and even death (Hungaro et al, 2015). For this reason, studies that aim to profile workers that are affected by the use of agrochemicals, as well as the consequences resulting from their inadequate use are relevant and can reveal the portion of the population that needs attention and orientation from the government and other responsible entities.…”

“…They are irreversible inhibitors of cholinesterase, but do not accumulate in the organism and are easily degraded. Intoxication can cause bradycardia, arterial hypertension, diarrhea, muscular fasciculation, respiratory insufficiency, convulsions, miosis, drooling, and there is always a great risk of death (Hungaro et al, 2015) and development of oncological diseases (Costa et al, 2017). c) Carbamates: these are also inhibitors of cholinesterases; however, this inhibition is reversible due to a weak bond with the enzyme (Hungaro et al, 2015).…”

“…Intoxication can cause bradycardia, arterial hypertension, diarrhea, muscular fasciculation, respiratory insufficiency, convulsions, miosis, drooling, and there is always a great risk of death (Hungaro et al, 2015) and development of oncological diseases (Costa et al, 2017). c) Carbamates: these are also inhibitors of cholinesterases; however, this inhibition is reversible due to a weak bond with the enzyme (Hungaro et al, 2015). Another aggravating factor is their relationship with congenital deformities, such as spina bifida (Dutra and Ferreira, 2017) and the development of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (Costa et al, 2017).…”

“…This class of agrochemicals has the advantage of being rapidly decomposed in aquatic environments (Nascimento and Melnyk, 2016). d) Pyrethroids: These are currently among the most utilized agrochemicals (Nascimento and Melnyk, 2016), and are produced through milling of flowers and plants of the family compositae (Hungaro et al, 2015;Nascimento and Melnyk, 2016) Intoxication symptoms include manifestation of hypersensibility such as erythema, headaches, asthenia, blurred vision and diplopia, neurological and cardiovascular disturbances (Cerqueira et al, 2010). These are used in a wide range of crops, especially for vegetables (Araújo et al, 2007) e) Dithiocarbamates: These are used as fungicides (Delgado and Paumgartten, 2004) and are subdivided into dimethyldithiocarbamates (DMDC) and ethylene bis-dithiocarbamates (EBDCs).…”